FVP技术在城市公交车辆动态性能研究中的应用

城市公交客车是一个复杂的多自由度振动系统,利用现代仿真FVP（Funcnonal Virtual Protowping功能化虚拟模型）技术,可以进行车辆的整体性能、寿命预测以及乘员安全性分析。利用计算机搭建公交客车的全尺寸整车模型,建立起功能化虚拟样车——城市公交客车系统三维CAD模型,将公交客车作为一个完整的系统进行动态分析研究？虚拟模型技术的发展,将使公交客车设计可摆脱对物理样机的依赖,体现一种全新的车辆研发模式,它在公交车辆设计领域的迅速发展,必将给企业带来重大的影响。     

过程现场总线在地铁中的应用

以北京地铁八通线750 V直流供电系统现场总线控制系统为例,介绍过程现场总线（PR0FIBUS）技术在地铁供电领域的应用,论述系统的硬件、软件结构及其工作原理.实际运用表明,该总线控制系统能够满足供电自动化信息系统的要求,先进可靠,控制性能良好。     

铁路现场监测系统的建构技术

介绍一种新型的铁路现场监测系统，式，实现远端馈电及数据传输的双重功能。以嵌入式为核心，采用低压电力载波的总线通信方还介绍了系统的总体设计方案、各模块的软硬件设计，以及为保证数据传输，专门定义了通信协议，实现超时重传、检错重发、广播通信、单点通信等机制。     

浅谈ZPW-2000A系统室外设备施工及注意事项

ZPW—2000系统是一套先进的国产自动闭塞制式,将会得到广泛的应用,为了提高施工效率,本文阐述了该系统部分室外设备在安装时的注意事项,并提出了控制施工质量的关键点,将对今后的施工有很好的借鉴作用。     

Reducing bunching with bus-to-bus cooperation

Schedule-based or headway-based control schemes to reduce bus bunching are not resilient because they cannot prevent buses from losing ground to the buses they follow when disruptions increase the gaps separating them beyond a critical value. (Following buses are then overwhelmed with passengers and cannot process their work quick enough to catch up.) This critical gap problem can be avoided, however, if buses at the leading end of such gaps are given information to cooperate with the ones behind by slowing down.This paper builds on this idea. It proposes an adaptive control scheme that adjusts a bus cruising speed in real-time based on both, its front and rear spacings much as if successive bus pairs were connected by springs. The scheme is shown to yield regular headways with faster bus travel than existing control methods. Its simple and decentralized logic automatically compensates for traffic disruptions and inaccurate bus driver actions. Its hardware and data requirements are minimal.     

A new approach to evaluating on-road public transport priority projects: balancing the demand for limited road-space

Despite widespread growth in on-road public transport priority schemes, road management authorities have few tools to evaluate the impacts of these schemes on all road users. This paper describes a methodology developed in Melbourne, Australia to assist the road management authority, VicRoads, evaluate trade-offs in the use of its limited road-space for new bus and tram priority projects. The approach employs traffic micro-simulation modelling to assess road-space re-allocation impacts, travel behaviour modelling to assess changes in travel patterns and a social cost benefit framework to evaluate impacts. The evaluation considers a comprehensive range of impacts including the environmental benefits of improved public transport services. Impacts on public transport reliability improvements are also considered. Although improved bus and tram reliability is a major rationale for traffic priority its use in previous evaluations is rare. The paper critiques previous approaches, describes the proposed method and explores some of the results found in its application. A major finding is that despite a more comprehensive approach to measuring the benefits of bus and tram priority, road-space reallocation is difficult to economically justify in road networks where public transport usage is low and car usage high. Strategies involving the balanced deployment of bus and tram priority measures where the allocation of time and space to PT minimises negative traffic impacts is shown to improve the overall management of road-space. A discussion of the approach is also provided including suggestions for further methodology development.

Analyzing the gap between the QOS demanded by PT users and QOS supplied by service operators

This research evaluated the effectiveness of tendered bus public transportation (PT) in improving the attractiveness of that service in order to promote sustainable mobility. This was accomplished by characterizing the gap between the quality of service (QOS) supplied by contract regimes and that which is demanded by passengers. Analysis of a customer satisfaction survey aimed at bus users provided insight into their ranking of 14 QOS parameters while 13 active service contracts were analyzed for their impact on QOS. In-depth interviews with relevant experts completed the complex narrative that is Israel’s policy of privatization in PT. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses helped identify those QOS parameters most in demand by passengers and impacted by contracts. The results show that the gap is minimal, high demand parameters receive increased priority in contracts. In addition this research documented an evolution in the method contracts employed to provide QOS. Late model contracts define an increasingly higher minimum QOS; but also strongly limit the operator’s ability to make service changes. This is a trend which should improve QOS in Israel but reduce the incentive for operator enacted QOS initiatives. Despite its obvious success to date, it might be time to change again the contract regime for the provision of competitive bus services in Israel.     

A European vision for more environmentally friendly buses

This paper deals with EBSF – European Bus System of the Future, 3iBS – the Intelligent, Innovative Integrated Bus Systems and ZeEUS – Zero Emission bUs Systems, three research projects funded by the European Commission, with the aim to develop a new generation of buses. The common task is to develop innovative solutions to increase the attractiveness of this mode and to operate more environmentally-friendly vehicles.Key working areas are more comfortable layouts, advanced ITS-based solutions to improve operations, new engines designed to save fuel and the enhancement of the electric option. Concern for the environment lies behind the majority of these innovations. The innovations are tested in real urban environments and performance assessed through Key Performance Indicators. Within EBSF it was also possible to perform a Transferability Exercise (TE) to assess the theoretical exportability of the innovations to more urban contexts.The research objective of this paper is to critically revise the projects’ results and present them for further applications beyond the European projects field. Results thus far stressed contrasting aspects within a common vision for the development of a new generation of buses. Stakeholders are well aware of the need to comply with the European standards in the field of sustainable mobility. This is shown by the fact that the majority of them are becoming more environmentally aware about the need to renew their fleets. However, because of economical reasons they fail to consider any environmental concerns in the TE, even when these should be crucial in the transfer decisions.     

厦门市高架快速公交系统建设实践

系统地介绍了厦门市高架BRT系统的建设实践,旨在为今后BRT系统的发展策略和建设模式提供经验借鉴。首先分析了厦门市BRT的建设背景,提出了BRT预留升级轨道交通的策略。然后,介绍了首期BRT系统三条线路的工程概况,详细阐述了BRT系统的六个组成部分,特别是中心区采取的高架为主的专有路权形式和功能齐全的车站。通过与轨道交通及其他地面BRT的综合比较分析,认为厦门市高架BRT系统具有较多优势,并取得了较好的运营效果,运输效率提高了2倍,运行速度提高了1倍。BRT在提高公交服务水平、缓解交通拥挤、引导城市发展方面发挥了良好的作用,是一种适合于厦门市目前发展阶段的建设模式。     

Understanding the distribution characteristics of bus speed based on geocoded data

Data-driven traffic management and control has attracted much attention recently. This paper conducts a series of coherent analyses based on geocoded data to understand the distribution characteristics of bus operational speed and to explore the potential applications of speed distributions. First, an original bipartite model is adopted for capturing instantaneous speed where the suspended and moving states are considered separately and a two-component mixed Weibull distribution is used to model the speed distribution in moving states. The mixed Gaussian distribution with variable components is found to be capable of expressing the speed distribution patterns of different road sections. Second, elaborate analyses on the basis of speed distribution modelling are conducted: (i) regression analyses are conducted to explore the correlations between parameters of instantaneous speed distributions and traffic related factors; (ii) a powerful clustering method using Kullback-Leibler divergence as the distance measure is proposed to grade the road sections of a bus route. These results can be utilized in fields such as bus operations management, bus priority signal control and infrastructure transformation aiming to improve the efficiency of bus operations systems.