全承载技术在IKARUS出口车上的应用

本文简要介绍了全承载技术的定义、特点及其国内应用现状,并着重探讨了全承载技术在我公司伊卡鲁斯出口客车实际应用中的工艺流程、实际问题及采取的工艺措施。     

电容式车辆称重装置动态性能测试与分析

针对传统车辆称重装置存在的动态测量时被测车辆速度较低、测量误差较大等方面的不足,设计开发一种电容式车辆称重装置。在介绍称重装置结构设计和称重原理的基础上,对其动态性能进行测试与分析。首先从速度、加速度、振动因素对称重装置的影响进行试验测试,测试表明加速度对动态称重影响较大,而速度、振动因素对动态称重影响较小。进一步理论建模,从运动和受力角度对称重装置进行理论分析,并与试验结果相对比。试验测试和理论分析表明,电容式车辆称重装置结构简单,安装方便,抗干扰能力强,测量精度高,既适用于静态测量,又适用于动态测量,具有较好的推广价值。     

基于全制造服务周期的智能工厂系统结构模型

为支撑工厂的制造智能化,需要建立有效的运营支撑系统。智能工厂的运营支撑系统应在保护既有遗存系统和制造资源的基础上,满足制造资源动态配置的需求及制造服务化需求,实现多系统间集成。基于从研发创新到产品运维的全制造服务生命周期迭代过程,构造智能工厂系统结构参考模型。模型从微服务架构出发,建立制造资源的分类树,并进行服务封装,构造微制造服务单元,通过改进的企业业务总线和集成开发环境,发布制造应用,实现智能工厂运营支撑系统。基于微服务的企业业务总线既保持对遗存系统的继承,也可弹性部署以支持不同规模的智能工厂。企业业务总线在智能工厂环境下的数据总线、知识总线、流程总线和安全总线子类,及多个服务域的部署通过案例予以阐明。     

Efficiency measurement of bus routes and exogenous operating environment effects on efficiency

This study develops an independent efficiency measurement model framework of bus routes, so as to treat preferably the heterogeneous outputs in a data envelopment analysis (DEA)-based efficiency measurement. It then introduces four new exogenous operating environment factors at the microscopic level of bus routes, and applies the three-stage DEA approach to incorporate operating environment effects and statistical noise into the efficiency measurement framework. The main purpose is to measure impartially the managerial efficiency of bus routes, purged of operating environment effects and statistical noise, and additionally to investigate the operating environment effects on efficiency. An empirical analysis, based on 39 routes operated in Jiangyin City, China, is presented. The principal finding is that the adoption of the independent efficiency measurement model framework is reasonable and has many virtues. Moreover, the proposed approach could substantially provide decision support both for regulators and for producers of bus services. In addition, the operating environment does indeed significantly affect operating efficiency and quality efficiency, especially the latter.     

储能电容恒流放电电路设计

针对小容量储能电容放电问题,本文设计了一种储能电容恒流放电回路,实现电容电荷恒流释放。准确计算电荷释放完毕时间,并通过LED指示灯进行电荷释放完毕指示,极大提高了回路的安全性。计算与实验结果误差较小,证明该电路能准确可靠工作,实现储能电容的恒流放电。     

A new approach to evaluating on-road public transport priority projects: balancing the demand for limited road-space

Despite widespread growth in on-road public transport priority schemes, road management authorities have few tools to evaluate the impacts of these schemes on all road users. This paper describes a methodology developed in Melbourne, Australia to assist the road management authority, VicRoads, evaluate trade-offs in the use of its limited road-space for new bus and tram priority projects. The approach employs traffic micro-simulation modelling to assess road-space re-allocation impacts, travel behaviour modelling to assess changes in travel patterns and a social cost benefit framework to evaluate impacts. The evaluation considers a comprehensive range of impacts including the environmental benefits of improved public transport services. Impacts on public transport reliability improvements are also considered. Although improved bus and tram reliability is a major rationale for traffic priority its use in previous evaluations is rare. The paper critiques previous approaches, describes the proposed method and explores some of the results found in its application. A major finding is that despite a more comprehensive approach to measuring the benefits of bus and tram priority, road-space reallocation is difficult to economically justify in road networks where public transport usage is low and car usage high. Strategies involving the balanced deployment of bus and tram priority measures where the allocation of time and space to PT minimises negative traffic impacts is shown to improve the overall management of road-space. A discussion of the approach is also provided including suggestions for further methodology development.

To competitively tender or to negotiate - Weighing up the choices in a mature market

A key attribute of competitive tendering for the periodic selection of operators of subsidised public transport services is to secure the provision of specified services at efficient cost levels. This has proved particularly effective where services were previously provided by an inefficient monopoly operator. The arguments for the adoption of competitive tendering in preference to negotiation with the incumbent operator may be less clear-cut in other cases.Consideration is given to both theoretical and practical insights into the relative merits of competitive tendering and negotiation approaches in such situations. The limited literature on the topic is reviewed and insights and lessons identified. Influencing issues include prior conditions, the nature of the supplier market, features of contracts, negotiating and competitive tendering strategies and practice, accountability and transparency, and long-term market implications. The evidence suggests that ‘one size does not fit all’, and the choice will depend on specific circumstances.The relative merits of the two approaches for renewal of bus contracts are considered with regard to Adelaide, for contracts which have previously been awarded through competitive tendering. The paper draws out the main factors that could influence the authority’s choice between the options, and discusses the relevance of the findings to other situations.     

Workshop report - Benchmarking the outcome of competitive tendering

Workshop 1 was concerned to identify the real results of competitive tendering, and experience on how to make it work better, using evidence from the rail and bus sectors in a large number of countries spread around the world. It was found that competitive tendering had generally been successful in terms of quality and costs, but problems had occurred in a number of cases, so careful attention must be paid to the design of tendering exercises, details of the contract, risk-sharing arrangements and the approach to any re-negotiation found to be necessary. As a result, an important conclusion is that the tendering authority needs a high degree of expertise in these issues; any thought that competitive tendering relieves the public authority of the need for expertise in public transport is mistaken.     

Impact of regulation on the performances of long-distance transport services: A comparison of the different approaches in Sweden and Norway

Despite the many socio-economic similarities between Sweden and Norway, differences in jurisdiction, organisation, cooperation, and financing of long-distance passenger train and coach services have led to the development of four distinctively different ways of serving the markets. This paper describes how the train and coach markets have developed in the two countries, with emphasis on regulatory and industrial structure and a couple of performance variables.Looking at passenger rail, both countries separated infrastructure from operation over a decade ago. However, while Norwegian rail is characterised by an almost monopoly supplier, rail services in Sweden are partly decentralised to the responsibility of county authorities and are widely subjected to competitive tendering. The rest of the network is about to be opened up for on-the-track competition. Swedish Rail (SJ) has spent the last decades consolidating its core business (passenger rail) and sold out its other businesses. In contrast, the Norwegian state rail (NSB) has expanded its business to become a major bus operator and property owner, with extensions also into the Swedish market.The coach industry was more recently deregulated in both countries. The Swedish coach market is dominated by privately owned companies operating services to and from Stockholm. In Norway, state-owned NSB is a major coach operator on medium distance routes, and is also the largest partner of Nor-Way Bussekspress which totally dominates long-distance coach services. Further, the Norwegian coach market is characterised by cross-ownership and cooperation which has enabled an extensive route network which covers most of Norway.We find distinct differences in achievements in the two modes and in the two countries. Swedish rail services have succeeded in winning market shares and in renewing and developing both infrastructure and service levels to a greater extent than the Norwegian model. On the other hand, the Norwegian coach market seems to be more developed and efficient compared to its Swedish counterpart.The paper concludes with a discussion on the possible links between the different approaches and the performance observed, with the aim to stimulate further and more detailed research on some important issues.     

舰船交流电力系统对地电容测量方法及其应用

针对舰船三相交流电力系统,提出了采用附加电容的对地电容测量方法,并设计出测量系统,进行了试验验证。证明该测量方法可以安全、准确地测量电网的对地电容,为电网消弧线圈设计选型提供了依据。