Towards a simplified performance-linked value for money model as a reference point for bus contract payments

The burgeoning commitment to contracting the delivery of bus services through competitive tendering or negotiated performance-based contracts has been accompanied by as many contract payments schemes as there are contracts. We are now well placed to design a simplified performance-linked payment (SPLP) model that can be used as a reference point to ensure value for money, given the accumulation of experiences throughout the world which have revealed substantive common elements in contracts. Whether the payment to the operator is framed as a payment per passenger or as a payment per service kilometre, the SPLP identifies efficient subsidy outcomes that are linked to a proxy indicator of net social benefit per dollar of subsidy. We illustrate how the SPLP model can be applied to obtain the gross (subsidy) cost per passenger (or per passenger km) from measures of gross cost efficiency and network effectiveness. This model can then be used as part of a benchmarking activity to identify reference value of money prospects in respect of passengers per $ subsidy outlay by adjusting for influences not under the control of the service provider. A single framework to identify contract payments to operators, and to assess (i.e., benchmark) operator performance on critical KPIs, is provided by internalising critical key performance indicators (KPIs) in the design of the SPLP. The proposed SPLP model is sufficiently general to be independent of the procurement method (competitive tendered or negotiated, for example) and of the treatment of revenue allocation (net or gross based contracts), with the additional advantage of being able to assess value for money for government.     

Four decades of changing transport policy in Santiago,Chile

During the last forty years, Santiago has experienced a series of drastic changes in public transport policies. These changes have ranged widely, from total deregulation to processes that concentrated the management of public transport within the hands of the public sector.     

西宁市实施公交优先措施的探讨

随着西宁市交通需求的增加和交通问题的日益突出,优先发展公共交通已经成为交通发展的必然选择。本文主要分析了西宁市公共交通发展的现状及存在的问题,探讨了西宁市实施公交优先发展的建议与增强公交吸引力的措施。     

公交车辆节能减排驾驶技术研究

本文通过实测数据分析了南京市公交车运行工况,结合实验所得排放数据,运用碳平衡法计算燃油消耗量。基于工况与油耗数据,分析两者之间的关系,发现加速工况的油耗贡献率最大,因此需要改善公交车辆的加速工况。此外应当选择合理的速度匀速行驶以控制匀速工况下的油耗量。并进一步分析了速度、加速度对油耗量的影响,发现当速度大于25km／h,加速度在0．1m／s^2-0．4m／s^2范围内,减速度在0．1m／s^2-0．1m／s^2左右时油耗量较小。最后根据分析结果,提出绿色驾驶理念下,针对车速及加减速控制的公交车节能减排驾驶技术。     

不同车型与波形梁护栏数值碰撞的仿真模拟分析

为了检验不同波形梁护栏对于即将冲出路外的大客车的拦阻作用的有效性和阻拦效果较好的护栏对半挂车的阻拦效果,分别建立大客车、半挂车和波形梁护栏的有限元模型,在动力学范畴内利用计算机仿真软件完成大客车、半挂车与波形梁护栏的碰撞实验,并通过动力学计算软件LS—DYNA3D,在该软件环境下完成车辆一护栏之间的碰撞大变形计算。在得到试验结果后,用HyperView提取结果文件,观察车辆和护栏的变形、云图、瞬变以及速度衰减历程曲线。最后对得出的碰撞实验结果数据进行对比分析,以较为真实反应车辆和护栏碰撞的发生机理．并为弼f．有护栏提出政善提供依据．     

快速公交系统通行能力研究

通行能力分析是快速公交系统规划、设计和优化的基础。基于GI/G/1排队论模型和车站有效停靠泊位数构建了快速公交系统通行能力计算方法,其参数设置涉及影响快速公交系统通行能力的各种因素。通过对北京、广州、厦门、郑州等多个中国城市快速公交系统运营状况的调查分析,对相关参数进行了标定,以使其反映中国各地快速公交系统运营实际。最后以广州、厦门、郑州三市的快速公交系统为例,对上述方法的应用进行说明。     

Examining the Political and Practical Reality of Bus-based Real Time Passenger Information

Abstract

Enhancing the bus experience through improved information provision is a key element of UK Government transport policy. Real time passenger information (RTPI) is perceived to reassure waiting passengers, to benefit the bus operator through increased revenue and the local authority, by promoting social inclusion and achieving a modal shift. RTPI also provides an important tool for operators by allowing them to monitor services and refine their schedules.

The aim of this paper is to understand the reasons for implementing RTPI in the bus sector, and to determine the key issues impacting on the likely success of such a policy. A case study approach investigates the experiences of two provincial towns in the UK. The paper suggests that, whilst it is unclear whether RTPI has resulted in an increase in bus patronage, it is considered to be most effective when combined as part of a package of measures. It is intended that the findings from the two case studies will reveal lessons of relevance to authorities contemplating the introduction of RTPI.     

A Modeling Framework for Bus Rapid Transit Operations Evaluation and Service Planning

Abstract

In this paper, we present a dynamic traffic assignment-simulation modeling framework (DYNASMART-P) to support the evaluation and planning of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) services in urban transportation networks. The model represents the different characteristics associated with BRT operations such as: exclusive right-of-way lanes, limited-stop service, signal prioritization at congested intersections, and enhanced bus stops to reduce passenger boarding times. A set of simulation experiments is conducted using the model to study the impact of introducing a hypothetical BRT service in the Knoxville area in the State of Tennessee. In these experiments, the different operational characteristics of BRT are evaluated in terms of potential impact on transit ridership and on the interacting auto traffic. The results illustrate the advantages of BRT for increasing transit ridership and improving overall system performance.     

P2构型混合动力汽车电压控制功能算法研究

为解决P2构型混合动力汽车的高压电池管理系统(BMS)发生严重故障切断继电器时,12 V电源易消耗殆尽而被迫停车的问题,提出了控制驱动电机发电维持母线电容电压的方法,达到经DC/DC对12 V电源充电的目的.因电机转速和低压负载的急剧变化会对母线电压造成较大波动,同时考虑电机电磁参数和负载变化速率对母线电压的影响,设计...     

基于快速公交（BRT）交叉口资源整合的信号优先算法研究

自2004年北京开通了我国首条城市快速公交（BRT）运营线路以来,至2012年底,全国城市快速公交（BRT）运营线路长度达1383公里,运营车辆达3975辆。而由于我国对快速公交（BRT）系统仍缺乏全面系统地了解,导致实际运营中,尤其是交叉口信号优先方面不能实现快速公交（BRT）服务效能最大化,因此有必要对其进行深入的研究。本文研究了基于快速公交（BRT）交叉口资源整合的信号优先算法,提出了建立模型的思想并构建了模型,同时,对建立的模型进行了验证。本研究对提高城市快速公交（BRT）运行效率和服务效能,方便乘客出行,减少环境污染等具有重要意义,从而可引导快速公交（BRT）系统为乘客提供更安全、更便捷地换乘服务。