User perspectives in public transport timetable optimisation

The present paper deals with timetable optimisation from the perspective of minimising the waiting time experienced by passengers when transferring either to or from a bus. Due to its inherent complexity, this bi-level minimisation problem is extremely difficult to solve mathematically, since timetable optimisation is a non-linear non-convex mixed integer problem, with passenger flows defined by the route choice model, whereas the route choice model is a non-linear non-continuous mapping of the timetable. Therefore, a heuristic solution approach is developed in this paper, based on the idea of varying and optimising the offset of the bus lines. Varying the offset for a bus line impacts the waiting time passengers experience at any transfer stop on the bus line.In the bi-level timetable optimisation problem, the lower level is a transit assignment calculation yielding passengers’ route choice. This is used as weight when minimising waiting time by applying a Tabu Search algorithm to adapt the offset values for bus lines. The updated timetable then serves as input in the following transit assignment calculation. The process continues until convergence.The heuristic solution approach was applied on the large-scale public transport network in Denmark. The timetable optimisation approach yielded a yearly reduction in weighted waiting time equivalent to approximately 45 million Danish kroner (9 million USD).     

Evaluating the effects of bus design on passenger flow: Is agent-based simulation a feasible approach?

In this paper, we propose an agent-based simulation approach that is capable of simulating the flow of passengers on board buses and at bus stops. The intention is that it will be applied during vehicle development to analyze how vehicle design affects passenger flow, and thus also how it affects system performance such as dwell time. In turn, this could aid the developers in making design decisions early in the development process. Besides introducing the simulation tool itself, the paper explores the realism of the data generated by the tool. A number of passenger flow experiments featuring a full-scale bus mockup and 50 participants were carried out. The setup of these experiments mirrored a number of ‘bus journeys’ (regarding vehicle design, number of passengers boarding/alighting at each stop and so on) that had previously been simulated using the simulation tool. When the data from the simulations were compared with the data from the passenger flow experiments, it could be concluded that the tool is indeed able to generate realistic passenger flows, although with some errors when a large number of passengers board/alight. The simulated dwell times were rationally affected by the tested bus layout aspects. It was concluded that the tool makes it possible to evaluate how variations in bus layouts affect passenger flow, providing data of sufficiently high quality to be useful in early phases of vehicle design.     

中空夹层钢管混凝土柱力学性能研究

基于给定的核心混凝土和钢材的三轴本构模型,设定构件内、外两层钢管使用相同的钢材,并考虑核心混凝土和钢管变形协调,应用连续介质力学理论,对中空夹层钢管混凝土短柱进行了弹塑性全过程理论分析,建立了中空夹层钢管混凝土短柱组合弹性模量理论计算公式和应力-应变关系全曲线的理论计算模型。该计算模型形式简单,参数少易确定,便于程序化实现,并与文献资料的试验结果进行了比较,结果表明,该模型能较好地反映试验规律以及组合构件材料物理性能的优点,为中空夹层钢管混凝土组合结构进一步研究奠定了基础。     

客车车身试验模态分析及其在车身定型中的应用

试验模态分析了解结构动特性的重要工具，介绍了客车车身的试验模态分析结果，并与国外同类型车身模态试验结果进行了对比分析，通过对比分析，对某客车车身提出了相应的改进措施，并评价了改进后车身的动态性能，使该型客车车身在短时间内定型。     

大客车车内噪声控制的试验研究

通过对６１００型大客车的大量试验研究，认为在噪声控制标准中除对Ａ声级测定结果应规定限值外，还应对整个噪声频带规定限值，以便较全面地改善车内噪声环境。根据该车的结构特点，提出了一系列改善噪声及振动性的措施，经部分改进试验，取得良好的效果。     

乡镇汽车客运站场规模确定方法研究

通过对传统乡镇汽车客运站场规模确定方法不足的分析,针对农村旅客运输特点,对乡镇汽车客运站的功能进行了定位,从农村客运站场网络体系优化出发,提出了协调法确定乡镇汽车客运站场规模,建立了相应的站场规模调整模型,并给出了计算步骤和相关参数的标定方法及部分推荐值。最后通过成都市青白江区的实例验证了方法的可行性。     

复合材料覆盖件及其模具曲面逆向工程造型

利用径向基函数（RBF）神经网络优异的非线性逼近能力，将流线型玻璃钢覆盖件样件外形数据、加工余量、变形数据作为神经网络输入，在神经网络的输出上可以分别得到覆盖件曲面和模具曲面离散数据点。再通过神经网络的输出数据对曲面进行造型。通过在复杂曲面模具造型上的实际应用，证明该方法能够实现产品和工艺装备的并行设计，缩短产品研制周期，提高了设计和生产效率。     

软化仪表板骨架材料的制备和性能研究

根据软化仪表板的性能要求，选定木质纤维增强复合材料做仪表板骨架材料，采用正交试验方法研究了材料的组分和固化工艺参数，并对影响材料性能的纤维含量、纤维预处理和固化工艺参数分别进行了研究。根据复合板的性能选定了最佳参数值。     

CAN总线在雪铁龙C5轿车中的应用及检修

雪铁龙C5轿车是法国雪铁龙公司的新一代主流产品。介绍了应用在雪铁龙C5轿车上的CAN数据总线的特点、组成与结构，CAN数据总线的传输原理与过程，以及BSI智能服务器(网关)的组成与功能。另外，介绍了CAN网络的检修。     

加筋板格屈曲及极限强度分析

加筋板格是船体结构的主要组成部分,是船体最常用的结构单元。本文在消化相关文献后,作了一些修正和改进工作,提出了一套用于计算加筋板格屈曲及极限强度的方法,并开发了相应的计算软件。通过与试验及有限元计算结果的比较,考核了本方法的计算精度,证明了该方法完全可用于船体板架的工程设计计算。