大型矿砂船甲板开口角隅应力计算的探讨

甲板开口角隅处应力集中问题一直倍受国内外造船界的关注,本文通过对一艘大型矿砂船甲板开口角隅处进行有限元模拟与计算,比较了角隅处网格大小不同时的应力和角隅处同样的有限元模型板厚不同时的应力,计算结果形象地显示出角隅处的应力集中现象。     

对接接头焊趾应力集中有限元分析

研究焊缝几何参数对应力集中的影响,对于提高焊接结构疲劳强度有重要的意义.本文采用有限元方法,计算了双侧对称加强高和单侧加强高的对接接头焊趾处的应力集中系数,分析了几个主要参数,包括焊趾倾角、焊趾过渡圆弧半径和板厚对于应力集中系数的影响,研究了焊趾处应力集中沿板厚方向的变化情况,在分析大量计算结果的基础上给出了估算两种形式的对接接头应力集中系数的经验公式.结果表明,减小焊趾倾角,增大过渡圆弧半径,可以减缓焊趾处截面形状的变化,改善焊趾处的应力集中;板厚的增加使得应力集中系数增大.并且单侧加强高的对接接头应力集中系数小于双侧对称加强高对接接头的,其减小幅度只与θ有关.     

毗邻互通立交特长隧道驾驶负荷研究

为研究毗邻互通立交特长隧道的运行特性和驾驶行为变化规律,选取10名驾驶员在雅康高速公路二郎山隧道进行实车实验,利用Tobii眼动仪、前向碰撞预警系统Mobileye及Cirelet单导脑电系统等仪器,采集真实交通状态下车辆位置、时间、行驶速度、驾驶员瞳孔直径及专注度等数据,划分毗邻互通立交特长隧道特征区,给出二郎山隧道入口前和毗邻互通立交分流点段的行驶速度和瞳孔直径分布特性和变化曲线,建立二郎山隧道进出口区瞳孔直径线性模型,并评价洞内景观带专注度等级,分析定向变道影响点至互通立交分流点驾驶行为规律。实验结果表明,设置洞内景观带可以缓解驾驶员视觉疲劳,且景观带国旗区效果优于星空区。驾驶员看到定向变道标线白色虚线后,瞳孔直径逐渐减小至3.65 mm,行驶速度维持在71～73 km·h-1,在变道操作期的视觉负荷和心理紧张度最大,在条件观察期专注度最高,驾驶员需要根据等待可插车间隙迅速反馈和进行是否变道等操作。     

Application of the optimal Latin hypercube design and radial basis function network to collaborative optimization

Improving the efficiency of ship optimization is crucial for modern ship design. Compared with traditional methods, multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) is a more promising approach. For this reason, Collaborative Optimization (CO) is discussed and analyzed in this paper. As one of the most frequently applied MDO methods, CO promotes autonomy of disciplines while providing a coordinating mechanism guaranteeing progress toward an optimum and maintaining interdisciplinary compatibility. However, there are some difficulties in applying the conventional CO method, such as difficulties in choosing an initial point and tremendous computational requirements. For the purpose of overcoming these problems, optimal Latin hypercube design and Radial basis function network were applied to CO. Optimal Latin hypercube design is a modified Latin Hypercube design. Radial basis function network approximates the optimization model, and is updated during the optimization process to improve accuracy. It is shown by examples that the computing efficiency and robustness of this CO method are higher than with the conventional CO method.     

二氧化碳汽车空调

介绍二氧化碳汽车空调的组成以及工作原理,分析制冷系统主要件的特点及技术关键。     

坝陵河大桥锚碇混凝土耐久性研究

通过试验对坝陵河大桥锚碇混凝土的渗透性进行了分析。结果表明,氯离子扩散试验得到的混凝土渗透性结果与孔结构试验结果吻合较好。同时根据试验所得的渗透系数对锚碇混凝土的耐久性寿命进行了预测,并分析总结了提高混凝土耐久性的技术措施,为混凝土结构耐久性设计提供了参考。     

高速铁路水下盾构隧道管片内力分布规律研究

以在建的广深港高速铁路狮子洋隧道为背景,采用自行开发的"多功能盾构隧道结构体试验系统"装置,对大断面宽幅管片衬砌结构在通缝及错缝拼装方式下环向内力的分布规律进行原型试验实测与分析,并对正弯区和负弯区目标管片表面应力的分布进行测试,同时采用数值计算进行对比分析。研究结果表明:通缝拼装管片结构内力沿幅宽的变化很小,而错缝拼装管片结构在不同荷载条件下,内力沿幅宽的分布有所差异,水压越大其差异越小;管片手孔密集区往往会出现应力集中,同等条件下正弯区表面应力状态比负弯区更为不利;管片厚度方向表面应力分布呈显著的非线性变化,高水压使其非线性变化加剧。     

悬移质含沙量沿垂线的分布理论研究

文章基于悬移质含沙量沿垂线分布的概念及理论研究现状,通过实测数据资料计算,对比分析了悬移质含沙量沿垂线分布实测值与扩散理论劳斯方程及各修正方法计算结果的拟合程度,证实了扩散理论公式的合理性以及相关修正方法的可行性。     

CO2 ocean sequestration by moving ships

Ocean sequestration of the CO₂ captured from fossil-fuel burning is a possible option to mitigate the increase in CO₂ concentration in the atmosphere. It can isolate huge amounts of CO₂ from the atmosphere for a long time at relatively low cost, if it is acceptable from the viewpoint of the environmental impact on the ocean. The concept of CO₂ dispersion in the ocean depths by ships is a promising method for efficient dilution. That is, liquefied CO₂ is delivered to the site and injected into the ocean at depths of 1000–2500 m with a suspended pipe towed by a slowly moving ship. In addition to the horizontal movement of the release point, the vertical journey of CO₂ droplets until they disappear by dissolution is effective for the dilution of CO₂ in seawater. In this paper, the possibility of the generation of relatively large-sized droplets from a moving nozzle is investigated experimentally. In addition, the terminal velocity of CO₂ droplets in deep-sea circumstances is measured in a large high-pressure tank to investigate the influence of the hydrate film formed on the surface of the droplet. Finally, it is shown by simulation that an initial dilution ratio of one to some ten thousandths is possible on a realistic engineering scale in the moving ship type of CO₂ ocean sequestration. Received: August 7, 2001 / Accepted: September 13, 2001     

非硫酸盐高浓度有机废水酸化的可生化性指标

利用表观B/C指标和理论B/C指标评价了厌氧酸化过程对蔗糖-蛋白胨人工废水可生化性的影响.结果显示对于COD为1 064～63 900 mg/L的废水,采用表观B/C评价指标,废水的可生化性降低了0%～96%;采用理论B/C指标,可生化性提高幅度为2%～21.6%.实验结果表明用理论B/C指标评价厌氧酸化过程对蔗糖-蛋白胨人工废水可生化性的影响较之表观B/C更为科学合理;同时说明对于非硫酸盐废水类型,理论B/C作为评价其酸化过程改变废水可生化性的指标同样适用;酸化出水的理论B/C随废水COD增加呈现下降的趋势,理论分析认为其与废水的酸化度(α)有关,酸化度越低,酸化出水的理论B/C越低.