Using longitudinal methods for analysis of a short-term transportation demonstration project

This paper documents an application of panel, or longitudinal data collection in the evaluation of a TSM (Transportation Systems Management) demonstration project. The project was a four-week demonstration of staggered work hours in downtown Honolulu during February–March 1988. The 4 wave panel survey elicited commuting experiences of approximately 2,000 downtown employees at two week intervals before and during the project. The sample involved both employees who participated in the project by shifting their work hours, and those who did not. The panel survey was augmented by floating-car observations of travel times on major routes into downtown Honolulu on the same four dates.The purpose of the analysis was to determine whether employee commute times were affected, and if so, how these changes were distributed among various employee segments. Two methods were used. First, travel time changes were estimated using paired t-tests. Second, regression equations were used to estimate project time savings as a function of trip length, route, and location of residence. Results show that travel time savings due to the project were typically small, less than ten percent. Nonparticipants experienced greater savings than participants, and some segments of participants experienced longer travel times during the project. The panel method proved to be an effective way to measure project travel time impacts and shows that the method is appropriate in short time applications.Presented at the Annual Meeting of Transportation Research Board, January 7–11. 1990, Washington, D.C.     

铁路客运专线相关技术研究

铁路客运专线技术新,标准高,工程庞大,系统复杂。经研究和论证,提出客运专线建设总体技术路线,分析了铁路客运专线在速度目标值、线路平纵段面、路基工程、桥梁工程、隧道工程、轨道工程、站场等方面的主要技术特点,并围绕无砟轨道和高速道岔设计理论等方面的关键技术开展研究。通过采用CFG桩、预应力管桩等设计和工程措施,控制路基沉降,建立路基沉降变形精测系统网,定期观测与评估。对桥梁基础沉降与梁的徐变,采取基础沉降控制、预应力混凝土梁徐变变形控制和区域沉降地区的桥梁沉降控制等措施。隧道施工采用台阶法、交叉中隔壁法和双侧壁导坑法,衬砌采用复合式衬砌或整体式衬砌。     

T型管节点焊趾表面裂纹扩展行为的三维断裂力学分析

本文对海上平台T型管节点焊趾三维空间翘曲表面裂纹问题用6869自由度、半带宽1187的特大规模作了三维有限元分析，计算了沿裂纹前缘的KⅠ、KⅡ和KⅢ分布。在此基础上，对焊趾表面裂纹的疲劳扩展行为作了分析，绘制了裂纹扩展特性曲线，并根据特性曲线对扩展寿命进行了估算。预测结果与海上平台管节点委员会的试验结果相符。     

电控静液压传动推耙机的结构特点和维护要点

以卡特D5G电控静液压推耙机为例,介绍静液压传动技术在履带式工程机械行走驱动系统中的应用,阐述系统的结构特点及维护要点.     

提高牵引变电所故障测距装置精确度的对策

指出牵引变电所故障测距装置的精确度是动态变化的,应根据接触网、变电所设备及装置运行情况的变化及时调整故障测距整定值,以提高其精确度,提出电气化铁道复线并联供电时避免线路互感影响牵引变电所故障测距装置精确度的简便方法即复线单线化。     

地铁车辆计算黏着系数的取值探讨

介绍了地铁车辆计算黏着系数取值的影响因素及计算方法,并根据广州地铁二号线车辆的情况举实例进行说明。     

Aggregate expenditure elasticity for transport and communication in Australia

For the purpose of estimating Engel elasticity, one needs to find the best functional form among various alternatives. In this paper, a new function, which is called the double semi-log Engel function turns out to be the best functional form for the transport and communication items in Australia on the basis of the distance function (D²) criterion, and the non-nested hypothesis testing procedure. This function is then used to estimate total expenditure elasticity, and the percentage change in consumer demand due to changes in total expenditure and total expenditure inequalities; using the 1975–76 Household Expenditure Survey data. The results of the analyses demonstrate that transport and communication is a necessary item in Australia on the basis of two criteria, viz., its elasticity is not significantly greater than unity, and the percentage change in demand increases with a decrease of the total expenditure inequality [emphasised by Iyengar (I960)]. Policy implication of the analyses has also been discussed.     

对《桥上无缝线路设计暂行规定》若干关键技术问题的探讨

对桥墩纵向线刚度限值的合理性、无缝线路纵向力的荷载组合等关键技术问题进行了深入的探讨,对桥上无缝线路的设计有一定的参考价值。     

盾构法隧道纵向地震响应特性

采用土—结相互作用的动力有限元法,引入无长度的3自由度弹簧单元模拟纵向螺栓接头,分析行波波长、地基刚度与阻尼对盾构法隧道纵向地震响应的影响。分析结果表明:行波从水平方向输入时有突变弯矩产生,突变弯矩随波长和阻尼的增大而减小,而地基刚度系数对突变弯矩的影响相对较小;行波作用下,产生的接头最大轴力及最大弯矩值均随波长的增大而减小,而地基刚度系数及阻尼系数取值对最大弯矩值的影响较小。因此,建议在实际工程设计计算中要重视输入地震动参数的选择,且取较小的阻尼系数。     

无缝线路上铁路桥梁墩台制动力的计算方法

研究目的:制动力是影响桥梁墩台设计的重要因素之一,现针对无缝线路上铁路桥梁制动力的传力特点, 研究在中-活载作用下无缝线路上简支梁桥墩、台顶制动力的分配规律,提出更接近于实际的制动力计算方法、 研究方法:针对无缝线路上铁路桥梁的传力特点,采用将桥梁结构、台后部分路基以及上面的轨道结构作 为一个整体系统共同承受列车制动力的整体计算模型(即线-桥系统),运用有限元程序进行分析、计算。 研究结果:在对等跨度、桥墩等刚度的铁路多跨简支梁桥的墩、台顶制动力进行大量计算的基础上,找出了 影响多跨简支梁桥墩、台顶制动力分配的因素及其变化规律,提出了制动力的实用计算公式。 研究结论:通过对无缝线路上铁路桥梁的墩台顶制动力分配的影响因素分析,提出了铁路桥梁墩台顶制动 力的实用计算方法,经过分析该制动力实用计算方法,使用方便,操作简单,使制动力的计算更接近于实际。