采用超声技术测量铁路罐车液位的工程应用设计

介绍现有液体类铁路罐车人工测量液位的情况,对人工测量在运用中存在的问题进行分析,提出采用超声技术进行铁路罐车液位测量的设想和工程应用设计,并进行测试和试验验证。     

货车交叉杆组成疲劳试验台研制

按照TB/T 3225—2010《铁道货车交叉杆组成》要求,选择液压伺服作动器实现交叉杆组成的水平载荷加载和垂直方向扭转位移施加,从水平运动机构和扭转运动机构2方面出发,研制交叉杆组成疲劳试验台。试验台经转K2/K6型和转8G/转8GA转向架用交叉杆组成验证,功能满足标准要求,且使用方便,节约成本。     

铁路货车配件产品i认证过程中有关检验问题的探讨

介绍铁路货车配件产品认证现状及其涉及的入厂检验、现场见证检验、型式检验、出厂检验和常规检验。结合已经开展的51种货车配件的产品认证工作,就生产企业检验的执行与检验文件规定的一致性、认证机构对检验项目的选择等方面展开探讨,并提出建议。     

提高车辆减速器传动机构可靠性的研究

对车辆减速器传动机构动作可靠性进行理论分析,提出解决方案,进行试验验证,设计试制样机并在现场安装使用,效果良好.该方案的核心是在车辆减速器的曲拐拉杆传动机构上增加了增力曲拐,放大制动缓解的输出扭矩,提高减速器制动锁闭和缓解解锁的可靠性,缓解重载引起的车辆减速器动作不可靠的问题.     

Parents’ perspectives on using autonomous vehicles to enhance children’s mobility

Prior research has estimated the impact of an autonomous vehicle (AV) environment on the mobility of underserved populations such as adult non-drivers. What is currently unknown is the impact of AVs on enhancing the mobility of children who are also mobility disadvantaged, as child passengers are likely part of AV ridership scenarios in the perceivable future. To address this question, our study collected perceived benefits and concerns of AVs from a US convenience sample of parents whose children relied on them for mobility. We found that parents’ intentions to travel in AV and their technology readiness as well as parent (sex, residence area) and child (age, restraint system) demographic profiles were important determinants of potential AV acceptance and impact. In addition, two groups of potential AV users emerged from the data: the curious and the practical. This study addresses a gap in the literature by assessing parents’ perspectives on using AVs to transport children. The results have great potentials to guide the design of mobility features, safety evaluations, and implementation policies, as a decline in public interest in AVs has been recently documented.     

Stochastic optimization approach for the car placement problem in ridesharing systems

With the increasing fuel prices and the pressure towards greener modes of transportation, ridesharing has emerged as an alternative to private car ownership and public transportation. In this paper, we focus on a common destination ridesharing system which is of interest in large organizations such as companies and government offices. Particularly, such organizations are looking at using company owned vehicles to offer a ridesharing service by which employees carpool to work thus leading to several benefits that include decreasing pressure on on-campus parking spaces, lowering localized on-campus congestion, in addition to offering a greener transportation mode while lowering transportation costs for employees. Based on discussions with our industry partners, optimizing the distribution of limited number of company vehicles while insuring robustness against unlikely vehicle unavailability is of critical importance. Thus in this paper, we present a stochastic mixed integer programming model to optimize the allocation of shared vehicles to employees while taking into account the unforeseen event of vehicle unavailability which would require some participants to take own vehicles or rerouting of existing vehicles. Since solving the proposed model to optimality is computationally challenging for problems of large sizes, we also propose a heuristic that is capable of finding good quality solutions in limited computational time. The proposed model and heuristic are tested on several instances of varying sizes showing the computational performance. Finally, a test case based on the city of Rome, Italy is presented and insights related to vehicle distribution and travel time savings are discussed.     

Would personal carbon trading reduce travel emissions more effectively than a carbon tax?

The application of personal carbon trading (PCT) to transport choices has recently been considered in the literature as a means of reducing CO₂ emissions. Its potential effectiveness in changing car travel behavior is compared to the conventional carbon tax (CT) by means of a stated preferences survey conducted among French drivers (N ∼ 300). We show evidence that PCT could effectively change travel behavior and hence reduce transport emissions from personal travel. There is however a definite reluctance to reduce car travel. We were unable to demonstrate any significant difference between the effectiveness of PCT and the CT with regard to changing travel behavior. However, in the experiment, the PCT scheme provided consistent results while this was not the case for the CT scheme. Further research is needed into the “social norm” conveyed by a personal emissions allowance.     

An empirical investigation of the impact of behavioural and psychographic consumer characteristics on car preferences: An integrated model of car type choice

Based on the data collected from a large-scale survey research of 1622 consumers, the present paper develops a disaggregate, compensatory choice model to collectively examine the impact of under-examined factors on consumer car type choice behaviour. All existing econometric forecasting models of vehicle type choice in the literature have so far considered objective measures as determinants of vehicle type choice. The proposed choice model considers 12 car-type alternatives and is successively extended to allow for choice probability distortions resulting from individual heterogeneity across a set of 30 variables, related to objective, behavioural and psychographic consumer characteristics. The results provide clear evidence that variables such as purpose of car use, prepurchase information source used, consumer’s proneness towards buying an ecological car, consumer’s involvement with cars, and consumer’s attachment to cars, significantly affect car type choice. The results yield important implications for manufacturers, transportation planners and researchers.     

轨枕板钢螺纹尼龙套管与硫磺锚固螺栓受力分析

车辆减速器轨枕板上的钢螺纹尼龙套管和硫磺锚固螺栓,在安装使用中,特别在施工新安装减速器时,常发生拔出并破坏混凝土轨枕板事故,造成不必要的损失。分析了钢螺纹尼龙套管和硫磺锚固螺栓在安装时所受到的拔力,以及安装时如何避免发生破坏轨枕板事故。     

铁路客车信息管理系统的设计与应用

根据呼和浩特铁路局客车管理的实际情况,研究如何实现对客车车辆信息动态的实时追踪.讨论系统结构和应用软件的设计方法.