汽车车牌的自动检测与识别

车牌识别系统是智能交通系统的重要组成部分.研究进行车牌识别的各项关键技术,提出基于数学形态学与多特征组合分析相结合的快速汽车车牌定位方法.在分析近年来一些典型的车牌识别算法的基础上,给出改进算法的BP神经网络.实验表明,该算法可以有效提高识别速度和准确率.     

KZ1型转向架制动梁滑块磨耗套注塑成型工艺研究

以出口铁路货车KZ1型转向架制动梁滑块磨耗套产品为对象,从产品结构分析、模具设计、注塑机选型、工艺参数确定等方面开展工艺研究.模具型腔采用1模1腔、冷流道、2板模设计,模具四角以圆导柱为动定模导向机构.浇注系统采用盘形浇口进胶方式,以减少熔接痕数量;在分型面上开设排气槽,所有排气槽均与模具外侧联通,以实现良好排气;在产...     

轿车动力柴油化的技术措施探析

介绍了电控泵喷嘴、电控高压共轨喷油系统、可变几何涡轮技术、4气门技术、冷却废气再循环、燃烧系统和排气后处理等工作原理以及对轿车柴油机性能的影响,分析了实现柴油机轻量化等技术措施对整车性能的重要性。文中还列举了当前国内外典型的几种先进的轿车用柴油机的性能和技术特点,指出轿车柴油化是未来轿车动力的发展方向。     

CAN/LIN混合网络在轿车车门控制系统中的应用

利用CAN/LIN混合网络,采用并列和层次相结合的网络结构,开发用于轿车车门控制的总线系统。该系统以SAE J1939为基础对信号进行分组和定义,并通过CAN专业开发及仿真工具CANoe进行诊断和优化,取得了较高的性能指标。     

基于排序算法的轿车零件功能评估规划

介绍了车身零件的功能评估方法,描述了轿车零件功能评估与整车开发流程的关系,并对影响评估进程的几个因素进行了分析。针对零件匹配结构和方式设计了匹配参数,且利用前向BP神经网络对拼装时间进行求解。在此基础上进一步研究了零件拼装过程特点,获得了一个具有优先约束关系和不同准备时间的可中断多平行机排序模型。以某车右侧围为例,对拼装时间的计算方法和拼装过程的排序进行了说明。     

实用化小型轿车的新概念(一)

综合论述了未来小型轿车的发展趋势,就车型总体趋势、动力总成、被动安全、底盘平台、车身、电气等几方面的趋势进行了概括,对中国家庭轿车或经济型轿车技术水平的发展方向进行了分析。结合第59届法兰克福国际汽车展(IAA)和本田FIT车阐述了对未来小型轿车发展趋势的认识。     

Consumer intentions for alternative fuelled and autonomous vehicles: A segmentation analysis across six countries

Rapid advances in the development of autonomous and alternative-fuel vehicles (AFVs) are likely to transform the future of mobility and could bring benefits such as improved road safety and lower emissions. Achieving these potential benefits requires widespread consumer support for these disruptive technologies. To date, research to explore consumer perceptions of transport innovations has tended to consider them in isolation (e.g., driverless cars, electric vehicles). The current paper examines the predictors of consumer interest in and willing to pay for both AFVs and autonomous vehicles through a choice experiment conducted in six diverse markets: Germany, India, Japan, Sweden, UK and US. Using Latent Class Discrete Choice Models, we observe significant heterogeneity both within and across the country samples. For example, while Japanese consumers are generally willing to pay for autonomous vehicles, in most European countries, consumers need to be compensated for automation. Within countries, though, we found some segments – typically, those with a university degree, and self-identifying as having a pro-environmental identity and as being innovators– are more in favour of automation. Significantly, we also found that support for autonomous vehicles is associated with support for AFVs, perhaps, due to common demographic or socio-psychological predictors of both types of innovative technology. These findings are valuable for policymakers and the automotive industry in identifying potential early adopters, as well as consumer segments or cultures less convinced to adopt these innovative transport technologies.     

铁路散堆装货物运输撒漏优化对策探讨

铁路发送散堆装货物运量较大,极易发生散堆装货物撒漏问题,造成击打列车、损坏铁路沿线行车设备的安全事故。为保障铁路散堆装货物运输安全,以北京局集团公司为例,阐述散堆装货物运输及防撒漏措施,针对散堆装货物运输存在的撒漏问题,从人员、车辆、作业方面深入分析散堆装货物运输撒漏的原因,有针对性地从改进作业标准和流程、提高业务能力与管理水平、严格安全监督检查和考核等方面提出改善散堆装货物运输撒漏的对策,以减少因散堆装货物运输撒漏造成的各种不良影响,不断提高铁路运输质量。     

城市轨道交通车辆段新型9号单开道岔设计研究

北京新机场线是我国首条时速160 km的地铁线路。为保证前期城市轨道交通的运营要求,并为中后期运量提升提供技术支持,按照城际铁路动车所设计标准选用了9号道岔。国铁50 kg/m钢轨9号道岔尖轨跟端为活接头式,容易产生病害且难以整治,为此研发了新型道岔。新道岔转辙器采用弹性可弯式尖轨,彻底消除了活接头病害;同时,对辙叉跟端进行了优化(采用夹板连接),选用33kg/m槽型护轨,基本轨内侧采用弹性扣压,提高了车辆段道岔的通过速度(侧向通过速度由25 km/h提高到35 km/h),保证了道岔功能要求。     

Joint analysis of the spatial impacts of built environment on car ownership and travel mode choice

Concerns over transportation energy consumption and emissions have prompted more studies into the impacts of built environment on driving-related behavior, especially on car ownership and travel mode choice. This study contributes to examine the impacts of the built environment on commuter’s driving behavior at both spatial zone and individual levels. The aim of this study is threefold. First, a multilevel integrated multinomial logit (MNL) and structural equation model (SEM) approach was employed to jointly explore the impacts of the built environment on car ownership and travel mode choice. Second, the spatial context in which individuals make the travel decisions was accommodated, and spatial heterogeneities of car ownership and travel mode choice across traffic analysis zones (TAZs) were recognized. Third, the indirect effects of the built environment on travel mode choice through the mediating variable car ownership were calculated, in other words, the intermediary nature of car ownership was considered. Using the Washington metropolitan area as the study case, the built environment measures were calculated for each TAZ, and the commuting trips were drawn from the household travel survey in this area. To estimate the model parameters, the robust maximum likelihood (MLR) method was used. Meanwhile, a comparison among different model structures was conducted. The model results suggest that application of the multilevel integrated MNL and SEM approach obtains significant improvements over other models. This study give transportation planners a better understanding on how the built environment influences car ownership and commuting mode choice, and consequently develop effective and targeted countermeasures.