城市轨道交通飞轮储能系统控制策略研究

为了解决城轨列车频繁牵引、制动造成的网压波动和能量浪费问题,针对应用于城市轨道交通的飞轮储能系统,提出一种基于牵引网直流侧电压的充放电控制策略,采用均速控制方法调节飞轮阵列因工艺与环境不同造成的转速差异,并在现有控制策略的基础上提出空载网压辨识算法,确保飞轮在中压环网电压波动时仍能正确动作。最后以北京地铁房山线为例,对含飞轮储能系统的牵引供电系统进行建模和仿真分析,并在牵引变电所接入飞轮储能装置进行现场实验。研究结果表明：接入飞轮后,牵引网压峰谷差值降低了33.2%,牵引变电所输出能量减少了23%,验证了控制策略的可行性和飞轮储能系统的稳压节能效果,为飞轮储能系统在城市轨道交通领域的进一步应用提供参考和借鉴。     

日本筑波快线快慢车行车组织特点及启示

日本筑波快线作为东京都市圈市郊铁路新建通车最晚、运用新技术最多的线路,其规划设计和运营管理方式值得国内借鉴。本文从行车组织角度,首先在分析日本筑波快线规划背景和运营情况的基础上,研究其不同车站、不同圈层、不同性质、不同时段、不同方向客流分布特征及其对应的行车组织策略;然后为探究快慢车行车组织模式下的工程方案和工程规模,分析筑波快线全线配线的设置特点和不同型式配线对应的运营功能,并探讨筑波快线乘客界面处理的相关举措。最后,结合国内轨道交通的发展需求,从快慢车开行原则,快车服务对象、开行时段、开行种类和对数,避让站布置原则,复杂行车组织方案的运行图编制等方面提出促进我国市域(郊)铁路发展的经验启示。     

自动真空开关分相装置及改进建议

通过对自动真空开关分相装置结构形式、工作原理和功能的分析,针对其导致失去实用性的主要缺点,可采取有效的技术措施加以克服,使该方式的半自动相分段装置达到自动化、实用化目的,为此,提出建议性的改进意见。     

Socioeconomic factors affecting the job satisfaction levels of self-employed container truck drivers: a case study from Shanghai Port

The job satisfaction level (JSL) of self-employed container truck drivers (SCTDs) is vital to the container trucking industry’s (CTI) stability in China. An anonymous field survey of 645 SCTDs was conducted at Shanghai Port. Three ordered probit models were, respectively, developed to analyze the drivers’ JSLs, their attitudes, and reactions to a CTI downturn. This study contributes to the literature that the demographic variables were not statistically significant for the SCTDs’ current JSLs, while higher income SCTDs with fewer expenses were expected to have higher JSLs. During an industry downturn, drivers with families in Shanghai showed more job dissatisfaction. More working hours, lower income, expensive diesel fuel, a high consumer price index (CPI), and a low freight-to-distance ratio (FDR) significantly lowered the JSLs. An increase in the price of diesel fuel and the CPI, and a lower FDR exposed the industry to risk and instability. Additionally, credible evidence indicated that as the dissatisfaction levels of SCTDs rise in a downturn, SCTDs implement more practical measures that may negatively affect the industry’s stability as well as society’s. Based on these findings, managerial or policy implications were proposed to efficiently improve SCTDs’ JSLs and CTI stability in Shanghai.     

船舶综合电力系统的能量管理控制系统与全数字仿真研究

近年来,电能逐渐取代传统动力成为船舶的主要推进能源。作为船舶综合电力系统的核心部分之一,船舶综合电力系统的能量管理控制策略设计及其仿真研究得到越来越多的关注。首先,本文从经济性的角度,设计了船舶能量管理系统的控制策略;其次,本文引入储能单元,利用其灵活性强和响应速度快等优点并结合能量管理控制策略减小负荷波动对电网的影响;最后,为验证能量管理控制策略的功能与有效性,建立综合电力系统简化模型。仿真结果表明,采用本文提出的能量管理控制策略可以使机组运行在最佳油耗范围内,并且提出的简化仿真模型可以验证能量管理系统控制策略的功能。     

玻璃钢双体游艇结构可靠度设计

可靠度设计可以较为真实地反映结构安全状态,现已成为结构设计的重点方法之一。本文以一艘玻璃钢双体游艇为例,通过频域水动力分析确定其最危险航行工况,进而对研究对象进行结构应力分析与可靠度计算。在满足可靠度安全要求的基础上,通过改变艇体铺层厚度对双体游艇进行轻量化设计。设计结果显示轻量化效果达到29.1%,优化设计结果良好。该种基于可靠度的设计方法对复合材料船艇结构设计具有一定的参考价值。     

目标导向式的综合保税区规划策略

综合保税区是设立在内陆地区具有保税港区功能的海关特殊监管区域,是一个相对封闭、完整的城市空间,其规划策略与其他城市空间存在巨大差异。分析了综合保税区政策属性、产业功能、空间形态等特性,采用"目标导向"的思维方式提出了综合保税区的规划目标。围绕规划目标的实现过程从协调外部限制要素、符合监管要求、内外交通组织、确定建设用地指标、协调城市景观等方面提出了综合保税区的规划策略,并以徐州综合保税区为例进行了实例分析。     

长江中游太平口水道演变趋势及治理对策

太平口水道是三峡下游第一个沙质微弯分汊河段,该河段滩槽格局调整剧烈,航道条件极不稳定,已成为长江干线航运的"卡口"。以太平口水道为研究对象,针对三峡蓄水后,该河段主要碍航浅滩的不利变化,建立二维数值模型。计算结果表明:在未来一段时间内,杨林矶将进一步淤积挤压北汊航道,航道条件继续恶化,而南汊水域条件明显优于北汊,同时有进一步冲深发展的趋势,尤其是较大的来流过程将进一步促进南汊的发展。在此基础上从经济、合理、顺应自然变化的角度出发,提出以"南槽—南汊"为目标的航道整治思及相关管理手段,为后期该河段的具体治理提供借鉴。     

Reducing car dependence in the heart of Europe: lessons from Germany,Austria, and Switzerland

Munich, Berlin, Hamburg, Vienna, and Zurich – the largest cities in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland – have significantly reduced the car share of trips over the past 25 years in spite of high motorisation rates. The key to their success has been a coordinated package of mutually reinforcing transport and land-use policies that have made car use slower, less convenient, and more costly, while increasing the safety, convenience, and feasibility of walking, cycling, and public transport. The mix of policies implemented in each city has been somewhat different. The German cities have done far more to promote cycling, while Zurich and Vienna offer more public transport service per capita at lower fares. All five of the cities have implemented roughly the same policies to promote walking, foster compact mixed-use development, and discourage car use. Of the car-restrictive policies, parking management has been by far the most important. The five case study cities demonstrate that it is possible to reduce car dependence even in affluent societies with high levels of car ownership and high expectations for quality of travel.     

Strategic beliefs of port authorities

Over the last decade, insights from the strategic management discipline have increasingly been applied to ports. A review of literature shows that in the analysis of port authority strategy, mainly outside-in approaches are applied. This paper adds to the emerging understanding of the port authority’s strategy by applying a cognitive perspective. Specifically, the strategic cognition of firms’ executives is one of the explanatory variables behind firms’ strategic decisions. Furthermore, cognitions are influenced by the organisational contexts in which port authority executives have worked. As a result, managerial “mental maps’ may vary across industry contexts and over time. This research investigates the strategic cognition of a global set of port authority executives through a survey-based instrument. The results show that, to a large extent, PAs resemble “regular” for-profit companies, but that they possess some specific beliefs that distinguish them from “regular” companies.