基于流量-跟车率的高速公路改扩建期间通行能力研究

针对高速公路改扩建期间通行能力计算困难的问题,利用连霍高速公路陕西段改扩建期间实测数据,采用数理统计方法,得出流量-跟车率的关系模型,进而计算得出采用双侧拼接改扩建方式的高速公路前3个施工阶段基本路段的通行能力值分别为1 900,1 700和1 800pcu/(h.ln).     

无人帆船循迹航行的控制研究

提出一种适用于无人帆船循迹航行的控制器,并应用于一条1.5m长风帆艇的湖上航行测试。该控制器包含三个独立模块,局部路径策略模块决定帆艇的转向过程;帆自动控制模块根据帆位角和相对风向角的对应关系获取最佳推进力;舵自动控制模块基于从航海经验中提炼的245条模糊控制规则实现航迹调整。1.5m帆艇的湖上测试结果表明,该控制器在多种风场条件下都可有效完成帆艇的循迹航行,具有在无人帆船上实现长程航行的应用前景。     

Speed variation during peak and off-peak hours on urban arterials in Shanghai

Increased speed variation on urban arterials is associated with reductions in both operational performance and safety. Traffic flow, mean speed, traffic control parameters and geometric design features are known to affect speed variation. An exploratory study of the relationships among these variables could provide a foundation for improving the operational and safety performance of urban arterials, however, such a study has been hampered by problems in measuring speeds. The measurement of speed has traditionally been accomplished using spot speed collection methods such as radar, laser and loop detectors. These methods can cover only limited locations, and consequently are not able to capture speed distributions along an entire network, or even throughout any single road segment. In Shanghai, it is possible to acquire the speed distribution of any roadway segment, over any period of interest, by capturing data from Shanghai’s 50,000+ taxis equipped with Global Positional Systems (GPS). These data, hereafter called Floating Car Data, were used to calculate mean speed and speed variation on 234 road segments from eight urban arterials in downtown Shanghai. Hierarchical models with random variables were developed to account for spatial correlations among segments within each arterial and heterogeneities among arterials. Considering that traffic demand changes throughout the day, AM peak, Noon off-peak, and PM peak hours were studied separately. Results showed that increases in number of lanes and number of access points, the presence of bus stops and increases in mean speed were all associated with increased speed variation, and that increases in traffic volume and traffic signal green times were associated with reduced speed variation. These findings can be used by engineers to minimize speed differences during the road network planning stage and continuing through the traffic management phase.     

6S现场管理在货车检修生产中的应用

6S现场管理是针对企业生产现场管理的有效方法,符合铁路倡导人本管理的精神。结合铁路货车检修生产实际,指出应用6S现场管理方法的主要内容和关键要点。     

Sociological perspectives on travel and mobilities: A review

There is increasing interest in understanding and achieving changes in travel behaviour, but a focus on individual behaviour change may overlook the potential for achieving change via transformation at the levels of institutions, cultures and societies – the domains of sociological inquiry. In this paper, we review sociological contributions to the literature on travel and ‘mobilities’. We summarise four key themes which supplement or contradict arguments made in mainstream transport debates on behaviour change. The first involves focusing on travel ‘practices’ as social entities with dynamics of their own, rather than on individual behaviours. The second relates to the changing natures of societies, and the implications for travel. The third explores and interprets the issue of car dependence in ways which highlight the ethical, experiential and emotional dimensions associated with car use, its symbolic role in societies increasingly concerned with consumption, and its differing roles within different cultures. Finally, the ‘new mobilities paradigm’ highlights issues such as the increasing links between travel and new technologies, and the primacy of social networks in influencing travel decisions. These themes emphasise the importance of understanding the broader contexts in which travel choices are made. In particular, the implication is that the creation of more sustainable travel patterns will require changes at a range of social levels, not simply in individual behaviours, and that changes to transport will inevitably be linked with, and influenced by, broader changes in the values and practices developed by societies as a whole.     

基于驾驶人特性的双车道跟驰模型稳定性分析

为了研究交通拥堵问题，了解交通拥挤形成的过程及驾驶员自身特性对双车道交通流稳定性的影响.本文基于复杂网络聚类同步理论，对一类基于驾驶员特性的双车道跟驰模型的稳定性进行研究. 通过设计适当的控制器使得基于驾驶人特性的双车道车辆跟驰模型趋于稳定，并得到了模型稳定性的条件.此外，在双车道上的车辆受到随机外部扰动的情形下，利用具有外部扰动的复杂网络自适应H∞ 聚类同步理论，研究了外部扰动情形下基于驾驶人特性的双车道车辆跟驰模型的稳定性.最后，采用MATLAB仿真技术进行数值模拟，验证所设计控制器对双车道交通流稳定性的影响及不同的驾驶员性格特性对交通流运行的影响.     

捷达轿车火花塞的失效分析

通常火花塞电极间隙在0.6mm～0.8mm，捷达轿车用电子点火取代了传统的分电器点火方式，并使用了闭磁路点火线圈，从而提高了点火能量，其点火间隙为1.0±0.1mm。介绍了捷达轿车火花塞的性能、常见失效形式及维修方法。     

别克(BUICK)轿车发动机故障诊断

别克轿车发动机在使用过程中若出现故障，应首先进行故障诊断并提取故障码，对有故障代码的故障可按故障代码表指示的故障部位进行检查与诊断，对无故障代码但有故障症状的故障，可按故障症状进行诊断。该发动机常见的故障症状为发动机起动困难、怠速不稳、喘振、断火或缺火、回火、爆震、功率不足及燃油经济性不良等。阐述了以上故障症状与故障诊断。     

基于ADAMS的双横臂独立悬架的优化设计

利用机械系统动力学分析软件ADAMS,建立了带有转向系统的双横臂独立前悬架虚拟样机模型,并在ADAMS/Car模块中对其进行仿真分析.采用优化分析对悬架不合理数据进行优化,进一步改善悬架系统性能,以提高产品开发质量.     

T7型检衡车电气系统设计特点

T7型检衡车首次采用了先进的遥控操纵技术及具有自锁功能、自动开闭的电磁铁吊钩,起重小车、砝码小车均采用独立双绕组结构的双速电动机拖动,起动冲击小,运行平稳,检测的精度高;砝码小车配有牵引杆,可实现砝码小车推拉整车运动。