基于光纤传感系统的德国列车实时精确定位技术

实时、精确地获取列车位置信息是保证列车安全有效运行、发挥效率、提供最佳服务的前提。而轨旁传感器将在进行高效、可靠的列车跟踪和定位方面发挥重要作用。文章介绍德国基于光纤传感系统的列车实时精确定位技术,这是一种全新的解决方案,具有独特的优势和可能性。     

Effects of battery chemistry and performance on the life cycle greenhouse gas intensity of electric mobility

Lithium traction batteries are a key enabling technology for plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). Traction battery manufacture contributes to vehicle production emissions, and battery performance can have significant effects on life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for PEVs. To assess emissions from PEVs, a life cycle perspective that accounts for vehicle production and operation is needed. However, the contribution of batteries to life cycle emissions hinge on a number of factors that are largely absent from previous analyses, notably the interaction of battery chemistry alternatives and the number of electric vehicle kilometers of travel (e-VKT) delivered by a battery. We compare life cycle GHG emissions from lithium-based traction batteries for vehicles using a probabilistic approach based on 24 hypothetical vehicles modeled on the current US market. We simulate life-cycle emissions for five commercial lithium chemistries. Examining these chemistries leads to estimates of emissions from battery production of 194–494 kg CO₂ equivalent (CO₂e) per kWh of battery capacity. Combined battery production and fuel cycle emissions intensity for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles is 226–386 g CO₂e/e-VKT, and for all-electric vehicles 148–254 g CO₂e/e-VKT. This compares to emissions for vehicle operation alone of 140–244 g CO₂e/e-VKT for grid-charged electric vehicles. Emissions estimates are highly dependent on the emissions intensity of the operating grid, but other upstream factors including material production emissions, and operating conditions including battery cycle life and climate, also affect life cycle GHG performance. Overall, we find battery production is 5–15% of vehicle operation GHG emissions on an e-VKT basis.     

A multi-objective optimization model for sustainable logistics facility location

This paper offers an exploratory study of sustainable facility location. The methodology, based on the classical uncapacitated facility location problem, provides decision makers with a multi-objective optimization model to determine the trade-off among economic, service and environmental considerations. Our results indicate that it may be desirable to open more facilities than optimal from a narrow economic perspective to reduce the carbon dioxide emissions of transport and to improve service reliability.     

聚脂纤维沥青混合料性能的试验研究

在沥青混合料中掺加聚脂纤维,通过室内试验对沥青混合料的高温稳定性、低温抗裂性、水稳定性等路用性能进行研究,对试验得出的各项路用性能指标进行有针对性的分析,得出加入聚脂纤维能有效改善沥青混合料的路用性能,但在使用上应根据具体工程的交通条件和气候条件,通过试验进行科学的选择.     

地震作用下钢筋混凝土桥墩抗倒塌性能研究

为研究混凝土桥墩的结构抗震性能,进行了单墩多自由度体系非线性静力推倒分析、非线性动力分析、增量动力分析。分别采用纤维模型中分布塑性铰和集中塑性铰两种建模方法,建立单墩有限元模型,利用Open Sees软件中的Hysteretic滞回模型考虑各种累积损伤的影响。     

纤维用量对沥青混合料高温性能影响分析

纤维材料作为混凝土的一种外加剂,可以提高混合料生产的稳定性和施工的和易性,同时可以增加成型路面的强度,特别是在SMA沥青路面中大量使用。而文中选择了高性能沥青路面superpave-13作为研究对象,通过添加不同掺量的木质纤维,在马歇尔试验方法基础上确定各自的最佳油石比。并进一步分析纤维掺量对各自最佳油石比中体积参数的影响,旨在为高性能沥青路面级配设计提供参考。     

聚丙烯纤维在控制水泥砼裂缝方面的探讨

自从有水泥砼以来,裂缝问题就一直困扰着人们.裂缝的存在不仅影响建筑物的外观,而且影响构件的刚度和结构的整体性,从而影响建筑物的正常使用.如何解决这一问题渐渐成为人们关注的焦点.本文简单分析了砼裂缝类型及成因,并通过水泥砂浆抗塑性干缩开裂试验说明聚丙烯纤维在水泥基材料抗塑性干缩开裂能力方面的作用.     

CFRP补强(加固)钢筋混凝土开孔平板的试验研究

研究了体外粘贴碳纤维增强复合材料CFRP(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer)加固钢筋混凝土开孔平板的受力性能,通过5块开孔平板的加固试验,从破坏形态、开裂荷载、极限荷载和弯曲变形等方面分析构件的加固效果,研究粘贴层数、开孔尺寸和开孔位置等因素对构件加固效果的影响。试验结果表明,经外贴CFRP加固后,钢筋混凝土开孔平板的极限承载力、弯曲变形能力均得到明显提高,构件的抗裂性能也有一定程度的提高。     

横向应力传感系统的光子晶体光纤的有限元分析

建立了光子晶体光纤在横向应力作用下的力学模型,对不同结构的光子晶体光纤的力学特性进行了仿真分析.研究了横向应力作用下,光子晶体光纤的形变与结构参数的关系.对用于横向应力传感的光子晶体光纤结构的优化设计提出了设计建议.     

芳纶增强热塑料管产品设计方法

芳纶增强热塑料管是一种新型油气输送管道,通过对芳纶增强热塑料管的失效分析,以长期静强度回归试验分析为基础,利用产品族的概念,推导并建立了芳纶增强热塑料管的基本设计方法,为今后该产品的设计提供了理论依据。