考虑环保意识和出行习惯的公交出行选择行为模型

为解决公交出行选择行为、环保意识与出行习惯之间缺少定量分析交互作用的问题,基于计划行为理论(TPB),结合习惯驱动行为理论,构建公交出行选择行为结构方程基本模型A,增加环保意识的扩展模型B,以及涵盖环保意识和出行习惯的扩展模型C,对比分析公交出行选择行为各影响因素之间的定量关系.最后,将模型运用于重庆市实例分析,共回收有效问卷401份.结果表明：模型C的拟合效果及解释性最好,模型B其次;环保意识、出行习惯均对公交出行方式选择行为存在影响,但影响程度低于行为意向和知觉行为控制.     

������Ƶ���ĻƵ��ڼ��ʻԱ��Ϊ�о�

黄灯政策问题已成为道路交通安全领域的研究热点.本文开发了基于视频处理技术的交叉口检测系统,自动采集黄灯期间的交通数据,包括黄灯启亮时车辆到停止线距离、速度、加速度和黄灯结束后车辆的通过情况,建立黄灯期间的驾驶员“停车/行进”决策行为模型和“抢黄灯”行为结果模型.利用北京市“闹市口大街—宣武门西大街”和“中关村东路—成府路”的视频数据对模型进行检验,两个模型的预测结果与实际观测误差分别为8.6%和2.5%.实验结果表明,视频检测技术和驾驶员行为模型能够应用于交叉口的控制管理,本文提出的模型与方法可为相应交通管理措施的制定和实施提供技术支持和理论依据.     

现代高速舰船推进主机的选择研究

高速和中速柴油机都可作为高速舰船的动力,近年来高速机的应用在不断增加。本文从尺寸、重量、集装性、航速范围、加速性和推进性能等方面对两类机型进行讨论,为高速舰船主机的选择提供比较的视角。     

Driver's braking behavior approaching pedestrian crossings: a parametric duration model of the speed reduction times

The driver's braking behavior while approaching zebra crossings under different safety measures (curb extensions, parking restrictions, and advance yield markings) and without treatment (baseline condition) was examined. The speed reduction time was the variable used to describe the driver's behavior. Forty‐two drivers drove a driving simulator on an urban scenario in which the baseline condition and the safety measures were implemented. The speed reduction time was modeled with a parametric duration model to compare the effects on driver's braking behavior of vehicle dynamic variables and different countermeasures. The parametric accelerated failure time duration model with a Weibull distribution identified that the vehicle dynamic variables and only the countermeasure curb extensions affected, in a statistically significant way, the driver's speed reduction time in response to a pedestrian crossing. This result shows that the driver, because of the improved visibility of the pedestrian allowed by the curb extensions, was able to receive a clear information and better to adapt his approaching speed to yield to the pedestrian, avoiding abrupt maneuvers. This also means a reduction of likelihood of rear‐end collision due to less aggressive braking. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effects of intersection field of view on emergent collision avoidance performance at unsignalized intersections: analysis based on driving simulator experiments

Proper intersection sight distance can effectively lower the possibility of intersection accidents. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (2011) provide a series of recommended dimensions of intersection sight triangles for uncontrolled and stop/yield‐controlled intersections. However, in reality, although the actual intersection design for unsignalized intersections satisfies the requirements of sight distance and clear sight triangle in American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials' guideline, there are still a large number of crashes occurring at unsignalized intersections for drivers running stop/yield signs or failing to slow down. This paper presents a driving simulator study on pre‐crash at intersections under three intersection field of view (IFOV) conditions. The aim was to explore whether better IFOVs at unsignalized intersections improve their emergent collision avoidance performance under an assumption of valid intersection sight distance design. The experimental results show drivers' ability to identify potential hazards to be significantly affected by their IFOVs. As drivers' IFOV improved, drivers were more likely to choose braking actions to avoid collisions. Better IFOVs were also associated with significant increases in brake time to intersection and significant reductions in deceleration rate and crash rate, thus leading to a lower risk of traffic crash involvement. The results indicate that providing a better IFOV for drivers at intersections should be encouraged in practical applications in order to improve drivers' crash avoidance capabilities. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大学生非道德行为的心理因素分析

大学生道德建设是关系到国民整体素质的关键之一。而在现实生活中,大学生的道德行为却存在较多不尽人意的地方。本文试从心理学角度对大学生非道德行为进行分析,并对大学生道德教育与管理提出了相应的见解。     

铁路空调客车8kW充电机的研制

依据《旅客列车DC600V供电系统技术条件》,设计开发新型25T和25G空调客车8kW充电机。8kW充电机主电路由输入电路、全桥DC/DC直流变换器和输出电路组成,采用移相ZVZCS-PWM软开关控制技术和IGBT作为功率开关管。为了提高变换器的效率,选用非晶材料高频变压器实现电气隔离,用隔直电容减小隔离变压器原边电流的变化,采用快恢复二极管组成全波整流电路。试验和装车运行的结果表明:8kW充电机的结构参数选择合理有效,DC/DC直流变换器可在很宽的负载变化范围内实现开关器件的软开关,工作效率高,性能完全达到设计要求。     

非机动车骑行行为实验研究

基于交通信息负荷量和交通信息变化的非机动车骑行过程,分析了骑行行为的安全性．针对不同的交通信息负荷量下非机动车骑行者的骑行行为,从骑行的安全感和舒适度出发,借助交通行为分析理论,设计了非机动车行车实验的研究方法,通过对比实验研究,分析了非机动车的速度和加速度特点,并根据自行车速度不稳定、波动频率高,而电动自行车速度相对稳定,但速度高、加速度大的特点,得出电动自行车安全性差的结论,验证了实验方法的可行性与合理性．     

上海世博游客的交通与游憩行为融合对策

为应对2010年上海世博会吸引大量游客及对上海市造成的交通压力,对游客的交通行为和游憩行为进行研究。首先综合上海市及以往世博会举办城市的交通数据,对2010年世博游客基本特征进行分析及预测。从交通的角度,根据不同交通方式的优势范围划分4个世博交通服务圈层,进而分析世博游客的流向分布及其与日常交通流叠加的特点。从游憩的角度,探讨游客的游憩行为及旅游路线。最终指出,交通尤其是公共交通各个环节与游憩的融合很重要。提出降低观光隧道票价、将水上巴士变成流动的世博会场馆等建议。     

小间距隧道爆破动力响应分析

基于复线隧道施工爆破对既有隧道稳定性冲击问题,结合沪蓉线庙垭分岔隧道工程实例,研究了其小间距段施工爆破的振动监测方法、爆破动力特性及其减振控制技术。通过对隧道爆破围岩和衬砌质点振动速度波的频谱分析及其振速预测数学模型的改进研究,分析了隧道振速峰值纵向衰减规律、衬砌振速主频、横断面振速分布规律及爆破掌子面附近振动情况,并以小间距既有隧道中墙迎爆侧破坏为基准,从循环进尺、微振起爆、掏槽结构等方面提出了相邻隧道爆破减振技术措施。研究结论可为类似工程的爆破设计、施工及监测提供参考。