塞拉利昂矿区铁路矿石装车站布置方案

当矿山开采采用铁路运输时,需设铁路装车站;铁路装车站的布置形式多样,需结合装车工艺、车站地形、矿区规划及运量采用合适的方式。以塞拉利昂铁路矿石装车站为例,在满足运量、矿区规划,地形条件前提下,分析不同装车工艺下的车站布置形式,并分析各装车工艺、布置形式的大致作业流程及优缺点,最后初步建议采用集中装车方案下的定量装车设备工艺环形布置方案。     

基于建筑信息模型(BIM)的城市轨道交通设施设备分类与编码研究

城市轨道交通涉及多专业的设施设备,建设项目从设计、施工到运营维护,各阶段的设施设备信息采用不同的分类编码体系,难以开展设施设备的统一化管理。调研上海轨道交通既有的设施设备分类编码体系,基于建筑信息模型(BIM)技术研究,建立城市轨道交通全生命周期的设施设备分类编码体系。该分类编码体系是以城市轨道交通资产管理的分类编码为基础进行编制的,划分了21类,具有唯一性、稳定性、可扩展性等特点,可兼容既有的设施设备分类编码体系,并能够满足城市轨道交通运营维护管理的需求。     

阜阳北编组站扩能改造工程供配电系统设计研究

阜阳北编组站扩能改造工程将原三级四场规模的站场扩大至三级八场并同步配套生产设备、生活设施及既有下行解编系统整治工程。通过对阜阳北站既有站区供配电系统的调查和分析,基于阜阳北编组站扩容改造后的全站负荷计算,依据"尽量利旧"原则,从供电系统、一级配电系统及低压配电系统全面探讨编组站改扩建工程中电力供配电系统的设计思路和原则,并在35/10 kV变配电所低压侧无功补偿中引入电缆充电功率与传统容性无功功率补偿结合的无功平衡方案,以加强对编组站用电负荷功率因数的控制。通过对阜阳北编组站改扩建工程中电力供配电设计流程进行归纳和整理,以探讨形成流程化设计模式。     

Addressing electric vehicle (EV) sales and range anxiety through parking layout,policy and regulation

Electric Vehicles (EV) are highly beneficial due to their reliance on electricity and Climate Change response yet EV sales are lower than would be expected due to range anxiety. If a potential buyer cannot be assured of having constantly-available and compatible charging stations, they will not purchase an EV. To increase the sales of EVs through improved charger availability, this paper examines parking configurations, charger design, convenient “EV only” parking, free charging, etiquette in unplugging another’s vehicle, and legislation. Data were derived from academic publications, trade market press, conversations, personal observations, and laws. The results show that chargers are often in a lot’s corner and thus accessible only to one vehicle, EV owners leave their charged car in the space, drivers use EV spaces for parking, etiquette cards are not understood, and legislation makes it illegal to unplug another’s EV. Improvements include less convenient charger spots, an octopus charger in the middle of the parking lot, modest charging fees to foster turnover, chargers that indicate an EV is charged, education and legislation about etiquette cards, and legislation that allows an individual to unplug another’s charged EV. Improvements to charging should be implemented simultaneously to lessen range anxiety and realize the environmental benefits from reductions in gasoline consumption and mobile source air pollution.     

To save money or to save time: Intelligent routing design for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle

Electric vehicles (EVs) are promising alternative to conventional vehicles, due to their low fuel cost and low emissions. As a subset of EVs, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) backup batteries with combustion engines, and thus have a longer traveling range than battery electric vehicles (BEVs). However, the energy cost of a PHEV is higher than a BEV because the gasoline price is higher than the electricity price. Hence, choosing a route with more charging opportunities may result in less fuel cost than the shortest route. Different with the traditional shortest-path and shortest-time routing methods, we propose a new routing choice with the lowest fuel cost for PHEV drivers. Existing algorithms for gasoline vehicles cannot be applied because they never considered the regenerative braking which may result in negative energy consumption on some road segments. Existing algorithms for BEVs are not competent too because PHEVs have two power sources. Thus, even if along the same route, different options of power source will lead to different energy consumption. This paper proposes a cost-optimal algorithm (COA) to deal with the challenges. The proposed algorithm is evaluated using real-world maps and data. The results show that there is a trade-off between traveling cost and time consumed when driving PHEVs. It is also observed that the average detour rate caused by COA is less than 14%. Significantly, the algorithm averagely saves more than 48% energy cost compared to the shortest-time routing.     

交通安全设施路面标线用玻璃珠质量评价技术

结合相关标准和实际质量评价工作,对公路上玻璃珠的外观、粒径分布、成圆率、密度、折射率、耐水性和磁性颗粒含量等质量指标的检测评价方法进行详细阐述和说明,可供相关工程参考和借鉴。     

停车许可证的动态最优供给策略

考虑可预约和不可预约公共停车设施共存情况，制定停车许可证动态最优供给策略.构建随机最优控制模型以实现系统总时间损失期望值最小化，利用动态规划原理推导出最优性条件，即哈密尔顿-雅克比-贝尔曼方程，采用一种预设最优值函数方法得到动态最优供给策略的解析解.结果表明：动态最优供给策略为一个反馈控制，即车辆排队时间的函数；依据排队时间是否存在，动态最优供给策略分为两种情况.以北京市国贸地区为例进行蒙特卡洛实验可知：相较停车许可证完全供给策略，动态最优供给策略可节约时间0.45~1.94 min/veh；随着停车许可证用户行为不确定性增加，动态最优供给策略节约时间的平均值上升，变异系数下降.     

隔离设施对BRT运行速度的影响分析

为了提高BRT的安全运行速度，以增强BRT的安全性、高效性为出发点，通过系统分析有无隔离设施、隔离设施的种类、隔离设施的安装方式以及驾驶员心理等影响BRT运行速度的因素，比较不同路段BRT运行速度的差别。结果表明，BRT在有物理隔离的专用道上的运行速度比无物理隔离专用道上高38．14％，比合用公交专用道高41．49％。     

基于高斯过程的TGDI发动机充气模型试验研究

采用高斯过程(Gauss Process,GP)对增压直喷汽油机充气模型开展研究,首先以发动机进气过程物理特性为理论基础,阐述模型控制原理,并基于高斯过程的发动机充气模型,采用稳态和慢动态数据完成模型精度的验证,结果表明:模型精度较高,可作为黑盒模型用于ECU控制算法开发及离线标定功能开发。此外,研究了减少训练数据点和减少输入参数对高斯模型精度的影响。     

Locating charging infrastructure for electric buses in Stockholm

Charging infrastructure requirements are being largely debated in the context of urban energy planning for transport electrification. As electric vehicles are gaining momentum, the issue of locating and securing the availability, efficiency and effectiveness of charging infrastructure becomes a complex question that needs to be addressed. This paper presents the structure and application of a model developed for optimizing the distribution of charging infrastructure for electric buses in the urban context, and tests the model for the bus network of Stockholm. The major public bus transport hubs connecting to the train and subway system show the highest concentration of locations chosen by the model for charging station installation. The costs estimated are within an expected range when comparing to the annual bus public transport costs in Stockholm. The model could be adapted for various urban contexts to promptly assist in the transition to fossil-free bus transport. The total costs for the operation of a partially electrified bus system in both optimization cases considered (cost and energy) differ only marginally from the costs for a 100% biodiesel system. This indicates that lower fuel costs for electric buses can balance the high investment costs incurred in building charging infrastructure, while achieving a reduction of up to 51% in emissions and up to 34% in energy use in the bus fleet.