用于径流污染削减的土地处理设施内土壤重金属污染研究

通过对一处植草沟-表面流人工湿地联合径流处理设施内的水体及土壤样品进行采样分析,研究土地处理设施内土壤重金属污染风险和径流截流净化机制间的关系。研究结果表明,径流内重金属的水体-土壤迁移,是其在土地处理设施内脱除的主要途径,但这带来了不可忽视的土壤重金属富集现象。与周边自然土壤相比,径流土地处理设施内土壤主要重金属(Fe、Mn、Ph、Cu、Zn及As)的平均浓度上升了1.5~2.9倍,带来了严重的负面环境风险。其在具备深度水质净化能力的土地处理设施单元内(如人工湿地)尤为严重。同时设施内重金属水体-土壤迁移的强度显著受到水体理化环境,特别是氧化还原水平的调控,厌氧及强还原性环境会进一步提高土壤重金属二次释放及向周边环境迁移的风险。     

BL 3-5和CAP 437中船舶直升机甲板设计的差异分析

为探讨丹麦民航局BL 3-5和英国民航局CAP 437对船舶直升机甲板设计部分要求的差异，以公司建造的GM-J180A自升式平台为依托，对这两部标准进行差异化分析，总结船舶直升机甲板设计和设施配备的要求和要点并提供相应的解决方案。     

Myopic loss aversion in the response of electric vehicle owners to the scheduling and pricing of vehicle charging

Upward expectations of future electric vehicle (EV) growth pose the question about the future load on the electricity grid. While existing literature on EV charging demand management has focused on technical aspects and considered EV-owners as utility maximizers, this study proposes a behavioural model incorporating psychological aspects relevant to EV-owners facing charging decisions and interacting with the supplier. The behavioural model represents utility maximization under myopic loss aversion (MLA) within an ultimatum game (UG) framework where the two players are the EV-owner and the electricity supplier. Experimental economics allowed testing the validity of the behavioural model by designing three experiments where a potential EV-owner faces three decisions (i.e., to postpone EV charging to off-peak periods for a discount proposed by the supplier, the amount of discount to request for off-peak charging at times decided by the supplier, and the amount of discount to accept for supplier-controlled charging) under two contract durations (i.e., short-term, long-term). Findings from the experiments show that indeed potential EV-owners perform charging decisions while being affected by MLA resulting from monetary considerations and the UG participation, and that presenting long-term contracts help potential EV-owners to curtail MLA behaviour and minimise cost even though the assumption of utility maximization is violated.     

Charging infrastructure demands of shared-use autonomous electric vehicles in urban areas

Ride-hailing is a clear initial market for autonomous electric vehicles (AEVs) because it features high vehicle utilization levels and strong incentive to cut down labor costs. An extensive and reliable network of recharging infrastructure is the prerequisite to launch a lucrative AEV ride-hailing fleet. Hence, it is necessary to estimate the charging infrastructure demands for an AEV fleet in advance. This study proposes a charging system planning framework for a shared-use AEV fleet providing ride-hailing services in urban area. We first adopt an agent-based simulation model, called BEAM, to describe the complex behaviors of both passengers and transportation systems in urban cities. BEAM simulates the driving, parking and charging behaviors of the AEV fleet with range constraints and identifies times and locations of their charging demands. Then, based on BEAM simulation outputs, we adopt a hybrid algorithm to site and size charging stations to satisfy the charging demands subject to quality of service requirements. Based on the proposed framework, we estimate the charging infrastructure demands and calculate the corresponding economics and carbon emission impacts of electrifying a ride-hailing AEV fleet in the San Francisco Bay Area. We also investigate the impacts of various AEV and charging system parameters, e.g., fleet size, vehicle battery capacity and rated power of chargers, on the ride-hailing system’s overall costs.     

China’s electric car frustrations

By 2020, the vehicle population in China will likely exceed 280 million—exacerbating national energy security, urban air pollution, and traffic congestion. In response, many local and regional governments in China are pursuing an expanding array of measures to restrain growth in personal vehicle ownership and, along with the central government, reducing emissions and energy use of vehicles. One prominent strategy is the promotion of new energy vehicles, especially plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). Large subsidies were offered—up to $27,600 (171,000 RMB) per vehicle in some regions, including almost $9200 (57,000 RMB) from the central government—which suggests that China is making a major commitment to PEVs. But sales have been meager. In 2013, only 17,600 PEVs, mostly buses and utility trucks, were sold, less than 0.1% of total civilian vehicle sales. Several factors explain the failure of PEV sales to take off: (1) protectionism by local governments; (2) uncertainty over which electric-drive vehicle technologies to promote and what consumers are willing to pay, (3) lagging investments in charging infrastructure, and (4) conservative investment behavior by automakers and battery manufacturers. The central government issued directives to local governments in late 2013 to reduce barriers to out-of-town companies, resulting in modest sales increases in early 2014, but a more coherent, broader, and effective set of policies, incentives, and strategies are needed to overcome consumer and industry resistance and the lack of charging infrastructure.     

Exploring electric vehicle charging patterns: Mixed usage of charging infrastructure

This paper examines the charging behavior of 7,979 plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) owners in California. The study investigates where people charge be it at home, at work, or at public location, and the level of charging they use including level 1, level 2, or DC fast charging. While plug-in behavior can differ among PEV owners based on their travel patterns, preferences, and access to infrastructure studies often make generalizations about charging behavior. In this study, we explore differences in charging behavior among different types of PEV owners based on their use of charging locations and levels, we then identify factors associated with PEV owner’s choice of charging location and charging level. We identified socio-demographic (gender and age), vehicle characteristics, commute behavior, and workplace charging availability as significant factors related to the choice of charging location.     

轨道式集装箱龙门起重机(RMG)在青岛前湾招商局国际集装箱码头工程中的应用

结合青岛前湾招商局国际集装箱码头工程设计施工和运行情况,分析总结了轨道式集装箱龙门起重机(RMG)堆场工艺布置特点、设备选型及配备数量的确定、RMG重箱堆场的设计与施工中的亮点和RMG装卸工艺模式在我国集装箱码头中的应用前景.实践表明,RMG作为集装箱码头的装卸模式,实现了低碳环保、节能高效.     

某型机载电子设备无失效数据可靠性研究

针对寿命试验过程中未出现失效样本,传统的可靠性分析方法不适用于分析该类产品可靠性的情况,以某型机载电子设备的无失效数据可靠性分析为例,采用贝叶斯无失效数据可靠性评估方法,并综合考虑失效率上限分析其可靠性水平。该方法的预测结果与试验数据相符,在一定置信水平下具有较高的预测精度。     

多缸汽油机进气瞬态性能的研究

本文利用所建立的进气模型，对火花点火式发动机的进气特性进行了数值和分析。结果表明所采用的研究方法具的较高的实用价值，文中还对火花点火式发动机的各缸进气不均匀性和不均匀偏和了研究，为改善发动机缸内燃烧过程的均匀性提供了有效的方法。     

浅谈高等级公路养护评价指标

通过近几年在高等级公路养护管理中采用好路率、综合值评定养护质量中存在的缺陷,提出了高速公路养护质量评价指标、评价办法、报表和建议。