浅议交通基础设施建设项目利用BT方式融资的利与弊

通过论述交通基础设施建设项目利用BT方式融资的利弊,为交通建设项目探索新的融资模式提供参考。     

车路集成环境下车辆防撞预警安全状态判别模型的研究

针对现有安全状态判别模型未能兼顾行车安全与道路空间资源利用率,且忽略了实际行驶环境下动态制动减速度信息的问题,提出了车路集成条件下车辆防撞预警安全状态判别模型。通过车-路通信协作实现对路面类型等实际行驶环境因素的动态识别,并确定车辆采取制动措施时所能获得的动态制动减速度;通过分析前车与自车的有效制动时间和车辆制动全过程,建立了新型临界跟车距离模型,并给出了模型关键参数的获取方法。仿真结果表明,该判别模型具有较强的自适应性,更贴近车辆实际行驶环境下的制动过程,有利于提高道路空间的利用率。     

Adaptive road border crossing system management: the role of priority programs

Land border crossings in North America, such as those between Canada and U.S.A., are expected to experience severe imbalance of travel demand and capacity of processors. During peak travel periods, this is already the case at high traffic locations. The land border crossing authorities have to address problems of congestion, national security and environmental impacts in the operation of the existing systems and to continue to address these problems as a part of infrastructure expansion plans. There is a need to adapt the crossing system management in order to accommodate efficiency and productivity‐oriented priority crossing measures. From a methodological perspective, it is a challenge to evaluate the role of priority crossing measures within the complex border crossing system. This paper reports research on modelling priority crossing initiatives. A microsimulation approach was used to model and analyse integrated processors of the Peace Bridge crossing system between Fort Erie (Ontario) and Buffalo (New York) under different scenarios of travel demand, customs processing times, priority crossing and queue jump lanes for automobile and truck traffic. Findings show the extent to which a border crossing system with priority crossing and queue jump lanes is more efficient and productive than one without these innovations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

面向不同管理需求的交通基础设施养护数据平台建设

为了掌握交通基础设施技术状况、服务于养护技术经济指标分析,基于不同层级管理目标的信息化需求,通过详细分析不同层级需求的数据及其来源,设计了可服务于不同管理层级并用于管理主体交互的基本数据组成、获取和更新路径。此外,以数据设计为基础,展示了数据平台应用于申嘉湖高速公路的管理案例。     

多缸汽油机进气瞬态性能的研究

本文利用所建立的进气模型，对火花点火式发动机的进气特性进行了数值和分析。结果表明所采用的研究方法具的较高的实用价值，文中还对火花点火式发动机的各缸进气不均匀性和不均匀偏和了研究，为改善发动机缸内燃烧过程的均匀性提供了有效的方法。     

公路基础设施资产管理概述

参考国内外有关资料阐述了公路基础设施资产管理的基本概念、总体架构，就资产管理系统及系统方法论的应用和寿命周期成本分析方法等进行了探讨。     

The regulatory function in public-private partnerships for the provision of transport infrastructure

A wide range of contractual arrangements are increasingly being used by the public sector to materialise the delegation of transport infrastructure provision tasks to the private sector, over long periods of time. This paper addresses the issue of transport infrastructure regulation in the specific context of public-private settings. Starting by the discussion on the concept of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) it is stressed that, despite the different meanings that can be found in the literature, it is possible to define a PPP by using a core group of characteristics, such as the bundling of services and the transference of a relevant part of the risks to the private sector on a long term basis. Regarding the action of the regulator, we look at three dimensions of efficiency that are expected to be pursued at the strategic level of regulatory action. However, it is acknowledged that the regulatory function is in practice rather complex since it requires balancing a multiplicity of other objectives or goals, which may vary according to specific economic conditions. In the domain of pricing, the review carried out suggests that since “first best” assumptions are not met in the “real world” it hardly seems possible that the short run marginal cost pricing “canon” could be directly used to shape pricing policies. Consequently, when considering the application of the standard neoclassical marginal cost pricing approach it is pertinent to ask whether the second best solutions can lead to efficient outcomes that might be accepted by the stakeholders. Bundling construction and maintenance tasks into a single long term contract, which is a typical characteristic of “standard” PPPs, could theoretically bring cost benefits since it allows for the possible internalization of any positive externalities that may be generated during the whole project life cycle. The economic rationale for the bundling of construction/maintenance with financing services is that it enhances the likelihood of submission of realistic bids at the procurement stage. In addition, the chances of the contractor sticking to the agreed contractual terms, after contract award, are potentially increased given the higher exposure to financial risk.     

The cost of second best pricing and the value of risk premium

Private provision of public infrastructure (PPP) is meant to give incentives to increased efficiency in construction as well in operation and maintenance of the infrastructure e.g. within the transport sector. Efficiency is not only (private) economic efficiency, but also social efficiency e.g. social marginal cost pricing of use of the infrastructure.Is it possible to design contracts concerning payment mechanisms and financial instruments for transport infrastructure that will stimulate social efficiency and optimal allocation of risks between parties? The paper discusses whether different targets can be met and whether compromises may lead to acceptable second best solutions.PPP implies an opportunity to let the user-payment give desired incentives in the form of Social Marginal Cost Pricing (SMCP). A PPP project is a set of contracts and agreements between several parties, including the Government, the private contractor, subcontractors, banks and infrastructure users. These contracts should be designed to give the right incentives to the parties to achieve optimal risk allocation and utilising of resources.Long contract-periods are a common feature of PPPs. The paper examines the way that financial solutions should be designed to achieve the goals for the PPP-projects concerning economic and social efficiency. The expected size and variation of the income stream from the project will influence the loan conditions offered by banks concerning interest rates, guarantees and repayment and also the ability to attract investors. The balance between equity and loans again influences the conditions of the loans. An additional problem is asymmetric information between parties. The private contractor usually knows more about the task than the Government (hidden knowledge), and the Government cannot have full knowledge of the efforts of the contractor (hidden actions).     

集装箱货运仿真模型在珠三角港港口投资方案评估(英文)

In the Pearl River Delta (PRD), there is severe competition between container ports, particularly those in Hong Kong, Shenzhen, and Guangzhou, for collecting international maritime container cargo. In addition, the second phase of the Nansha terminal in Guangzhou’s port and the first phase of the Da Chang Bay container terminal in Shenzhen opened last year. Under these circumstances, there is an increasing need to quantitatively measure the impact these infrastructure investments have on regional cargo flows. The analysis should include the effects of container terminal construction, berth deepening, and access road construction. The authors have been developing a model for international cargo simulation (MICS) which can simulate the movement of cargo. The volume of origin-destination (OD) container cargo in the East Asian region was used as an input, in order to evaluate the effects of international freight transportation policies. This paper focuses on the PRD area and, by incorporating a more detailed network, evaluates the impact of several infrastructure investment projects on freight movement.     

交通基础设施 BIM 全景展示平台应用

随着交通基础设施建设数量的逐渐增多和水平的不断提高,国内交通基础设施项目建设现代化、信息化、工业化的方向已成为未来的主旋律和行业转型升级的必然选择。为实现交通基础设施行业数字化应用的拓展和推广,基于对交通基础设施项目汇报和交流核心需求的详细分析,构建BIM全景展示平台,全方位展现项目方案特点及要点,增强对项目方案的理解,降低沟通成本;以实际项目为案例,全面系统说明BIM全景展示平台的应用及达到的效果。