秦淮河航道整治中的水下爆破技术

阐述了覆盖层秦淮河对戴家岗段航道水下钻孔爆破的影响,介绍了内河航道水下钻孔爆破的设计与施工工艺,并提出了相应的解决方法.     

岷江上游大型水电站运行对龙溪口下游航道枯水期水位和流量的影响

根据规划,岷江龙溪口—宜宾段将通过航道整治达到内河Ⅲ级航道标准.该河段多年历时保证率95％的流量仅能达到662 m3/s,但是岷江上游紫坪铺、瀑布沟等大型水电站的建成对下游河段通航流量产生了较大影响.根据紫坪铺水电站蓄水前、后高场水文站的径流、泥沙资料,分析紫坪铺等大型水电站建成后对下游河段水沙特性的影响,得知岷江上游...     

BIM与GIS融合技术在航道整治工程中的应用

针对航道整治工程中BIM技术无法管理条带状工程、难以表达工程周边地理信息等难点,通过梳理BIM与GIS数据特点,研究探索BIM与GIS融合技术,提出了通过格式转换、坐标转换和数据关联实现BIM与GIS融合的方法。将研究成果应用在蕲春水道航道整治工程,验证了BIM与GIS融合方法的可行性,实现了BIM与GIS数据一体化浏览、显示、管理、分析等功能,解决了BIM无法管理大范围工程、无法反映工程周边环境的不足,为BIM与GIS技术在航道整治工程中的应用提供了技术支撑。     

复杂滩群分汊航道演变与整治——以乌江郭母子为例

从水沙运动和河道演变的关系研究了乌江郭母子滩碍航机理与航道整治。通过比较不同方案的物理模型试验结果,优化了整治措施。研究发现,河道形态的演化过程遵循平衡态的最大熵原理和非平衡态的最小熵增加率原理,用能量语言描述就是最小的水流功率损失,航道整治的实质是用工程措施改变能量在空间上分配的过程。     

新形势下长江口航道的开发重点与治理原则*

长江口12.5 m深水航道已进入稳定运行、全面发挥效益的新阶段,长江口还存在北港、南槽等丰富航道资源, 尚有进一步开发的潜力。结合长江口航道发展面临的新形势和新要求,明确指出未来一段时间长江口航道的开发重点是北 港航道。通过总结长江口深水航道治理工程实践经验,探讨新形势下长江口航道治理的总体原则,并根据北港水道沿程河 型特点、河势演变特征及碍航性质的不同,分别对北港上、中、下3个区段提出相应的治理思路及原则。     

国六柴油机颗粒物捕集器在工程应用中的关键问题分析

通过分析国六排放法规,并结合对OEM(Original Equipment Manufacturer)市场国六后处理技术的开发以及我国的特殊地理环境,总结了国六柴油机颗粒物捕集器(Diesel Particulate Filter,DPF)开发的重点、难点问题.综合来看,开发高目数、薄壁、非对称孔道结构及高强度的DPF...     

加快制定汽车行业CAE分析流程及结果评价体系--促进我国汽车行业CAE软件应用水平

我国汽车产业经过几十年的发展,取得了很大进步,然而与国际先进的设计、制造技术相比还有很大的差距,特别是仵CAE技术应用和结果评价体系方面存在巨大差距,因此尽快制定汽车行业CAE分析流程和结果评价体系,加强相关汽车安全标准的制订、强制性检测项目的实施,以促进汽车设计分析技术的进步,提高汽车安全性能,比如我国汽车正面碰撞安全性法规的实施．就极大地推动国内汽车企业CAE仿真分析的开展和软件应用水平的提高,进而也促进了产品可靠性的提高和产品研发实力的提升,为我国汽车企业参与国际竞争提供了技术保证。     

客车上水溢流改造技术探讨

针对客车上水溢流存在的问题开发了客车上水溢流控制装置。该装置分为车上和车下两部分。车上部分包括流量调节装置和液位显示控制仪,车下部分主要包括流量传感器、压力传感器及控制箱。并对该技术的改造方案和存在的问题进行了探讨。     

Are HOV/eco-lanes a sustainable option to reducing emissions in a medium-sized European city?

Innovative traffic management measures are needed to reduce transportation-related emissions. While in Europe, road lane management has focused mainly on introduction of bus lanes, the conversion to High Occupancy Vehicles (HOV) and eco-lanes (lanes dedicated to vehicles running on alternative fuels) has not been studied comprehensively. The objectives of this research are to: (1) Develop an integrated microscopic modeling platform calibrated with real world data to assess both traffic and emissions impacts of future Traffic Management Strategies (TMS) in an urban area; (2) Evaluate the introduction of HOV/eco-lanes in three different types of roads, freeway, arterial and urban routes, in an European medium-sized city and its effects in terms of emissions and traffic performance. The methodology consists of three distinct phases: (a) Traffic and road inventory data collection; (b) Traffic and emissions simulation using an integrated platform of microscopic simulation; and (c) Evaluation of scenarios. For the baseline scenario, the statistical analysis shows valid results. The results show that HOV and eco-lanes in a medium European city are feasible, and when the Average Occupancy of Vehicles (AOV) increases, on freeways, the majority of vehicles can reduce their travel time (2%) with a positive impact in terms of total emissions (−38% NO_x, −39% HC, −43% CO and −37% CO₂). On urban and arterial corridors, the reduction in emissions could be achieved only if the AOV increases from 1.50 to 1.70 passengers/vehicle. Total emissions of the corridor with an AOV of 1.70 passengers/vehicle can be reduced up to 35–36% for the urban route while the values can be reduced by 36–39% for the arterial road. With the introduction of Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) and Electric Vehicles (EV) it is possible to reduce emissions, although the introduction of eco-lanes did not show significant reductions in emissions. When both policies are simulated together, an emissions improvement is observed for the arterial route and for two of the scenarios.     

The dredging dilemma: Economic development and environmental protection in Oakland Harbor

Abstract

Seaport expansion often generates tensions between the national interest in efficient transport and local interests in water quality and habitat preservation. The governing American permitting system, however, establishes an extraordinarily cumbersome, legalistic, and costly method for balancing environmental and economic considerations. A case study of the Port of Oakland illustrates the tendency. For four years, plans to find an environmentally acceptable site for dredged material have been stymied by a sequence of inconclusive regulatory and judicial proceedings. Meanwhile, large container ships can enter and leave Oakland harbor only at high tide, and not fully loaded. Despite the absence of any authoritative determination concerning environmental risks, the port was compelled to accede to progressively more expensive disposal methods. Such “adversarial legalism”; is not unique to the Oakland harbor case, but recurs in other policy spheres. It stems from a governmental structure that fragments decision‐making power among many agencies, that constrains regulatory discretion with legal demands for scientific certainty, and that by allowing agency decisions to be challenged readily in court, encourages legalistic defensiveness and extortion rather than compromise. The article concludes with a discussion of the conditions under which regional planning bodies might overcome these centrifugal tendencies.