柴油机技术现状及发展展望

文中提出了现代柴油机技术发展的关键是节能与环保,详细分析了当前柴油机在节约能源和降低排放方面的发展现状及柴油机未来的发展趋势。     

汽车排放控制及净化措施研究

针对日益严重的汽车排放对大气环境的污染和健康的危害问题,分析汽车排放物的形成原因,并提出相应的控制及解决措施．具有重要的实践意义。     

Effects of the ‘Belt and Road’ initiative on the wine import logistics of China

China’s Belt and Road (BR) initiative is expected to facilitate international trade between the countries involved. In this study, we review the special requirements of wine logistics and the market growth potential of wine consumption in China. A model minimizing generalized logistical costs is developed and applied to wine imports in China, so that the best candidate cities in which to locate transport gateways and distribution centers can be identified. Our analysis suggests that the most preferred gateways are Shanghai, Tianjin, Guangzhou, and Hong Kong, which all have similar delivery costs. In comparison, Beijing and Chongqing have much higher delivery costs, mainly because they do not have good access to marine transport and/or efficient domestic distribution networks. For long-distance intercontinental transport of large volumes of wine, marine shipping remains the only viable delivery mode. However, wine distribution within China extensively uses air, road, and water transport. Therefore, cities with excellent multi-modal transport services are better positioned to become wine logistics gateways. Our study also highlights the importance of value-added services and good government support, which are important factors that influence distribution costs and quality.     

南海风浪条件下Spar式浮式风机平台的构型及参数

使用WAMIT软件建立了OC3-Hywind Spar式浮式风机模型,联合FAST软件计算了浮式风机在不同工况下的幅值响应算子;结合为南海海域波浪条件优化后的JONSWAP谱,对浮式风机进行了不同工况下的响应谱分析及最大响应值计算;进一步阐述了浮式平台结构构型参数的变化对整体结构在南海相应工况下的运动影响。     

基于正交设计的船用柴油机燃烧系统参数匹配及优化

为研究柴油机燃烧系统参数匹配对柴油机动力和排放性能的影响,首先分别利用AVL_BOOST和AVL_FIRE仿真软件建立4190ZLC-2型船用柴油机整机模型和缸内燃烧高压循环模型,然后基于已建模型应用正交试验设计方法安排柴油机进气系统、喷油系统和燃烧室结构尺寸参数匹配仿真计算。研究结果表明,通过极差分析可以得出燃烧系统参数对4190ZLC-2型柴油机性能的影响主次顺序。以柴油机指示功率为评价指标时,参数组合0.26 mm-28°CA-160°-0.9-145 mm-2.6 mm-22 mm(喷孔直径-喷油提前角-油束夹角-涡流比-喉口直径-凸台高度-凹坑半径)对应的指示功率为63.40 k W,比原机仿真值高15%;以NOX排放为评价指标时,参数组合0.30 mm-24°CA-140°-0.4-135 mm-6.6 mm-14 mm(喷孔直径-喷油提前角-油束夹角-涡流比-喉口直径-凸台高度-凹坑半径)对应的NOX排放质量分数为0.015 7%,比原机仿真值低30.2%。     

异形网箱生态结构的设计及应用

为保护落成洲整治建筑物头部潜堤根部及LL3~LL5号丁坝根部的现有植被,在标准网箱结构的基础上,研发出异形网箱结构来替代抛石筑堤。异形网箱生态堤在满足工程功能需求的前提下,完整保护了落成洲的原有生态环境,可为航道整治生态结构设计提供参考。     

模拟现场工况条件下的无纺布淤堵试验研究

通过对荆江长河段航道整治护坡工程的结构形式及其中常用的短纤针刺非织造土工布进行调研,针对反滤层中无纺布潜在的淤堵问题及其对岸坡稳定性的影响进行分析,研制了模拟现场工况条件的土工合成材料淤堵试验仪,分别将水力梯度、垫层砂厚度、砂的粗细、土质类别及无纺布孔径单一因子对无纺布淤堵的影响进行试验分析,探讨各因子对无纺布淤堵的影响规律。     

航道整治建筑物薄壁大圆筒结构水槽试验研究

基于薄壁大圆筒结构在国内外沿海港口码头和防波堤工程中研究及应用现状,设计一种薄壁大圆筒结构坝。采用水槽试验的技术手段,研究大水深、大流速情况下坝体稳定性和抗倾临界条件,得到无充填、充填天然沙及带基座的充填薄壁大圆筒结构在水深34 m条件下抗倾流速分别为2.90、3.18及4.95 m/s,认为其能满足不同河流的航道整治建筑物稳定要求,可作为丁坝、顺坝、导流坝及潜坝等多种结构形式在内河航道整治工程中推广运用。     

Shaping the Coast with Permits: Making the State Regulatory Permitting Process Transparent with Text Mining

This paper examines the California Coastal Commission's permitting process. Using several text mining techniques, including web scraping, information extraction, and supervised classification, I demonstrate how to retrieve empirical data from unstructured texts, namely public meeting agendas and staff reports. Contrary to the concern that the Commission routinely delays or rejects permitting requests, the data reveal that outright rejection of permit applications is rare. On average, eight of ten applications were approved. Single-family homes and commercial development projects were approved about 80% of the time; the rates were about 70% for seawalls and retaining walls, and 60% for land-use changes. Most applications were processed swiftly, with a median application length of 3 months. The agency's influence comes primarily from negotiating each application. Qualitative study of 50 cases pertaining to single-family home construction reveals that the agency adopts a “managed development” approach, that is, allowing development but scrupulously managing various aspects of development. These case studies illustrate how the agency interprets the broad, abstract state laws and translates the mandates into enforceable actions as permitting conditions. In areas where the state mandates conflict, particularly over development in receding shorelines, the agency has the largest leverage in creating and implementing its preferred policies. The text mining techniques demonstrated in this paper can be applied to study any governmental agency. These techniques help to extract information from a massive volume of papers and organize them into a database for analyses. The empirical data extracted from texts can significantly increase bureaucratic transparency.     

AASHTO概率模型在船桥碰撞风险评估中的应用

近年来随着航道等级的提升,设计通航船舶尺度增大,要求的通航净空尺度增加,桥区通航水域条件发生显著变化。桥梁存在船撞风险,需对船撞桥梁风险实施评估、为实施防撞设施工程提供依据。国内外因船舶撞击而导致桥梁垮塌或严重破坏的事故逐渐增多,平均每年就有一座大型桥梁因为船舶撞击而遭受严重破坏甚至倒塌。北江航道乌石至三水河口航段经整治由Ⅳ级提升为Ⅲ级后,桥梁存在船撞风险。以船撞桥概率模型(AASHTO)为研究方法,分析了整治河段清远北江二桥参数对船撞桥概率的影响,计算了船舶撞击桥梁各涉水桥墩的年撞击概率,确定了存在较大船撞风险的桥梁与涉水桥墩,建立了船撞桥损伤概率模型,分析桥梁各部位抗撞能力、桥梁各部位船舶撞击力及各部位的年撞击频率,得出通航孔桥墩的年撞击倒塌频率。