Impact of regulation on the performances of long-distance transport services: A comparison of the different approaches in Sweden and Norway

Despite the many socio-economic similarities between Sweden and Norway, differences in jurisdiction, organisation, cooperation, and financing of long-distance passenger train and coach services have led to the development of four distinctively different ways of serving the markets. This paper describes how the train and coach markets have developed in the two countries, with emphasis on regulatory and industrial structure and a couple of performance variables.Looking at passenger rail, both countries separated infrastructure from operation over a decade ago. However, while Norwegian rail is characterised by an almost monopoly supplier, rail services in Sweden are partly decentralised to the responsibility of county authorities and are widely subjected to competitive tendering. The rest of the network is about to be opened up for on-the-track competition. Swedish Rail (SJ) has spent the last decades consolidating its core business (passenger rail) and sold out its other businesses. In contrast, the Norwegian state rail (NSB) has expanded its business to become a major bus operator and property owner, with extensions also into the Swedish market.The coach industry was more recently deregulated in both countries. The Swedish coach market is dominated by privately owned companies operating services to and from Stockholm. In Norway, state-owned NSB is a major coach operator on medium distance routes, and is also the largest partner of Nor-Way Bussekspress which totally dominates long-distance coach services. Further, the Norwegian coach market is characterised by cross-ownership and cooperation which has enabled an extensive route network which covers most of Norway.We find distinct differences in achievements in the two modes and in the two countries. Swedish rail services have succeeded in winning market shares and in renewing and developing both infrastructure and service levels to a greater extent than the Norwegian model. On the other hand, the Norwegian coach market seems to be more developed and efficient compared to its Swedish counterpart.The paper concludes with a discussion on the possible links between the different approaches and the performance observed, with the aim to stimulate further and more detailed research on some important issues.     

基于ZigBee无线物联网技术的客车防盗系统

越来越多的人选择火车作为主要交通工具,而旅行携带物品的安全防盗问题引起关注。Zigbee技术是一种双向无线通信技术,主要适用于自动监控,远程侦察等领域。详细介绍Zigbee无线技术在客车防盗和铺位信息管理上的应用。     

燃油消耗量因素分析在客车购置中的系统应用

随车成品油价格不断上涨,如何降低燃油成本,成为道路运输企业当前的重要课题,一方面从客车产品上找答案,另一方面在驾驶员操作上作文章。本文即从客车百公里燃油消耗量因素分析出发,探讨客车购置中获得良好燃油消耗量的技术条件和要求。     

基于时频分析的客车加速通过噪声声源识别

应用小波包分析理论发展了基于时频分析的客车加速通过噪声声源识别技术。根据选择运行及部分覆盖方法,分别去除各声源影响,同时测得客车通过测试区域的车外加速噪声。对于噪声信号进行多层小波包分解并重构,计算每个小波包的能量及该层小波包的总能量,通过不同信号的小波包能量比较达到声源识别的目的。研究表明,该方法不仅可以清晰地分辨各噪声源能量在时-频域的分布情况,而且通过能量计算可以识别主要噪声源,为采取相适应的降噪措施提供了理论基础。