Workshop 1: Performance measurement and compliance

This workshop discussed challenges of measuring the performance of transport contracts, which is usually achieved by benchmarking the relevant services against a few key performance indicators (KPIs). Such KPIs (the workshop identified cost efficiency, service quality and safety/security as the top three) can be explicitly included in the contracts (with a focus on compliance) or can be rather informal and part of a trusting partnership. Limited availability of good data and appropriate information technology systems appear to be the greatest challenges within developed markets. In the context of creating a formal market (such as the South African taxi market), which encourages public transport measurement and compliance, our findings suggest that it is important to set as a first step minimum standards to address the backlog with respect to establishing performance measurement regimes.     

Productivity change in Nigerian seaports after reform: a Malmquist productivity index decomposition approach

ABSTRACT

During the 1990s, Nigerian seaports were considered inefficient, unsafe due to massive cargo theft (wharf rat phenomenon) and one of the most expensive port systems in the world. This resulted in long turnaround times for ships and increased container dwell times. As a result, port operations were transferred to the private sector through concession contracts. This paper employs a Malmquist productivity index (MPI) technique to benchmark pre-and post-reform total factor productivity growth of the six major Nigeria seaports (Apapa, Calabar, Onne, Port Harcourt, TinCan Island and Warri) for the period 2000–2011 which represents six years before (2000–2005) and six years after (2006–2011) the reform. The results indicate progress in technical efficiency of the ports after reform but deterioration in technological progress. Overall productivity growth was higher in the pre-concession period compared to the post-concession period. The source of pre-concession period productivity growth was technological progress while the change in productivity of the post-concession period is generated by an increase in scale efficiency. This suggests that concessionaires have not brought in the much anticipated investment in modern technology to drive port efficiency. The ports of Calabar and Apapa experienced the highest productivity growth while lowest result was Onne.     

船舶辅机安装要求的探讨

介绍了辅机在船体上的几种预舾装方式.规定了辅机基座的加工要求.阐述了辅机设备的安装要求及检查方法.为船舶辅机的稳定、安全运行提供保障.     

基于一阶差分滤波器的水下目标纯方位角跟踪

在水下目标纯方位角跟踪研究中,针对传统扩展Kalman滤波(EKF)方法需要通过Taylor 展开实现非线性项的线性化而导致计算过程繁琐且存在奇点的问题,本文提出一种基于一阶差分滤波器(DDF1)的纯方位角跟踪算法,建立了目标的运动学模型及无源声纳的测量模型;利用 Stirling插值法实现非线性项的线性化,进而通过DDF1滤波方法实现对目标位置及速度的跟踪。仿真结果与一致性分析表明,与基于EKF的目标纯方位角跟踪方法相比,论文所提出的算法具有较高的跟踪精度和较好的跟踪性能。     

考虑月球引潮力和昼夜温差效应的危岩稳定性分析

危岩稳定性是科学分析崩塌灾情的关键环节.根据天文固体潮理论,分析了月球引潮力造成危岩重力效应出现昼夜交替变化的特征,建立了危岩受月球引潮力作用的荷载计算方法;分析了昼夜温差效应对危岩主控结构面内充填物吸水膨胀特性的影响,提出了膨胀力计算公式;引入月球引潮力和昼夜温差效应膨胀力修正危岩稳定系数计算公式,实例分析表明,考虑月球引潮力和昼夜温差效应后,危岩的稳定系数可降低0.96％ ～6.73％,坠落式危岩劣化程度更为明显.研究成果对进一步实施危岩破坏机理研究有积极意义.     

Why and How to Use Customer Opinions: A Quality-of-Life and Customer Satisfaction-Oriented Foundation for Performance-Based Decision-Making

Abstract

The concepts of ‘customer satisfaction’ (CS) and ‘quality of life’ (QOL) have both been used, on a limited basis, in strategic planning and performance measurement at state departments of transportation. However, the meanings and usefulness of these concepts are still unclear or evolving to many practitioners. Based on a review of the literature and customer opinion data collected for various transportation studies in the USA and Europe, this paper offers two important contributions to the transportation literature. The paper clarifies the relationship between the CS and QOL concepts, placing CS in the broader context of customer opinions and subjective well-being. The paper then identifies six categories of survey tools for collecting customer opinions, describing how each can be used within a performance management framework to reveal the QOL impacts of transportation decisions. Agencies can use the definitions, conceptual relationships, performance measures, and decision-making processes discussed in this paper to refine their performance management programs, to better understand customer and public perceptions, and to make systematic progress toward their QOL oriented goals.     

脉冲涡流参数对金属测厚影响的仿真分析

脉冲涡流（PEC）检测技术是近年发展起来的新型无损检测技术,可以进行金属板材或金属设备的厚度测量,具有频谱宽、信号穿透能力强及精确度高等优点．文中建立了脉冲涡流测厚系统的有限元分析模型,仿真分析脉冲涡流探头参数对金属测厚的影响,包括激励和检测线圈的高度、厚度、内径、匝数等,从而为脉冲涡流检测设备的国产化研究和提高精度提供理论依据．     

映汶高速公路中隧道监控量测技术探讨

与普通隧道相比,穿越泥石流堆积体的隧道承受不对称压力,其设计、施工具有独特之处。对监控量测项目的现场实践和穿越泥石流堆积体隧道进行分析,得出适用于穿越泥石流堆积体隧道的监控量测技术,对此类隧道安全施工具有重要的意义。     

风力发电用齿轮箱齿根应力测试系统的开发

针对风电齿轮箱研制中检验修形效果的难点,提出了齿根应力测试技术,可同时测出齿根处,齿向载荷分布系数和载荷不均匀系数.论述了风机齿轮箱应力测试系统的原理及其主要组成部分,给出了典型的应力分布和均载测试结果;重点分析了测试系统中关键的程控放大模块和I2C总线通信.运行实践表明,该应力测试系统能够对齿轮箱的啮合状态进行定量分析,测试结果对齿轮修形及结构设计等有重要的参考价值.     

列车振动荷载作用下隧道围护结构性能实测分析

为有效缓解既有线路列车经过软土明挖隧道产生振动荷载对围护结构性能的影响,确保隧道工程安全可靠,采用现场实测和数据分析方法,研究不同列车、不同距离、不同深度情况下既有线列车振动荷载对地层振动的影响,从而确定列车振动影响范围、围护桩振动速度、锚索轴力以及桩身位移．实例分析表明,列车经过时,围护桩的水平振动速度较大,竖向振动速度相对较小,下行车引起的振动速度大于上行车;东西对应测点的锚索轴力变化规律基本一致,西侧锚索轴力大于东侧锚索轴力;桩身水平位移随着深度的增加先增加后减小．通过对列车振动荷载作用下的锚索轴力及桩身位移进行实测分析,可为锚索性能变化规律提供基础数据,从而为隧道工程设计和施工提供有价值的参考．