Analysis of a consumer survey on plug-in hybrid electric vehicles

Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) show potential to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, increase fuel efficiency, and offer driving ranges that are not limited by battery capacity. However, these benefits will not be realized if consumers do not adopt this new technology. Several agent-based models have been developed to model potential market penetration of PHEVs, but gaps in the available data limit the usefulness of these models. To address this, we administered a survey to 1000 stated US residents, using Amazon Mechanical Turk, to better understand factors influencing the potential for PHEV market penetration. Our analysis of the survey results reveals quantitative patterns and correlations that extend the existing literature. For example, respondents who felt most strongly about reducing US transportation energy consumption and cutting greenhouse gas emissions had, respectively, 71 and 44 times greater odds of saying they would consider purchasing a compact PHEV than those who felt least strongly about these issues. However, even the most inclined to consider a compact PHEV were not generally willing to pay more than a few thousand US dollars extra for the sticker price. Consistent with prior research, we found that financial and battery-related concerns remain major obstacles to widespread PHEV market penetration. We discuss how our results help to inform agent-based models of PHEV market penetration, governmental policies, and manufacturer pricing and marketing strategies to promote consumer adoption of PHEVs.     

Electric vehicle park-charge-ride programs: A planning framework and case study in Chicago

In suburban areas, combining the use of electric vehicles (EV) and transit systems in an EV Park-Charge-Ride (PCR) approach can potentially help improve transit accessibility, facilitate EV charging and adoption, and reduce the need for long-distance driving and ensuing impacts. Despite the anticipated growth of EV adoption and charging demand, PCR programs are limited. With a focus on multi-modal trips, this study proposes a generic planning process that integrates EV infrastructure development with transit systems, develops a systematic assessment approach to fostering the PCR adoption, and illustrates a case implementation in Chicago. Specifically, this study develops a Suitability Index (SI) for EV charging locations at parking spots that are suitable for both EV charging and transit connections. SI can be customized for short-term and long-term planning scenarios. SI values are derived in Chicago as an example for (1) commuter rail stations (for work trips), and (2) shopping centers near transit stops as potential opportunities for additional weekday parking and EV charging (for multi-purpose trips/MPT). Furthermore, carbon emissions and vehicle miles travelled (VMT) across various travel modes and trip scenarios (i.e., work trips and MPT) are calculated. Compared to the baseline of driving a conventional vehicle, this study found that an EV PCR commuter can reduce up to 87% of personal VMT and 52% of carbon emissions. A more active role of the public sector in the PCR program development is recommended.     

Real-time capable vehicle–trailer coupling by algorithms for differential-algebraic equations

The real-time simulation of vehicle trains requires an accurate and numerically feasible representation of the vehicle–trailer coupling. Although the equations of motion for the chassis instances can be reduced to systems of ordinary differential equations, additional constraints on the relative motion of vehicle and trailer are introduced when considering the hitch. In this article, we present a strategy for the simulation of vehicle–trailer combinations, where the algebraic constraints of the coupling are treated explicitly. Although this approach allows exact modeling of the respective joint geometry and realistic calculation of the coupling forces, a suitable numerical algorithm is required in order to solve the resulting differential-algebraic system of index 3 in real-time. The implementation in a commercial vehicle dynamics program is discussed and real-time simulation results are shown, which prove its feasibility for different coupling joints and demanding driving maneuvers.     

浅谈商用车主驾驶座椅扶手设计

随着商用车的发展,人们对驾驶舒适性的要求越来越高,通过增加座椅扶手功能提高长时间驾驶的舒适性,减轻疲劳成为产品提升的重要方向.文章主要从座椅扶手的应用、布置设计、扶手使用舒适性分析、行车操作舒适性分析等几个方面进行分析,阐述了商用车扶手设计的思路及注意要点,从理论上分析商用车座椅配备扶手功能的可行性.     

国内商用车底盘零件锈蚀原因分析及改善研究

从零件的结构设计、制造工艺、涂装工艺及材料等方面对国内商用车底盘零件锈蚀的原因进行了系统分析,通过现状剖析及实验对比论证了底盘零件锈蚀原因的多样性和复杂性,提出了提高商用车底盘零件防腐性能及锈蚀改善的主要途径.     

空天车地一体化技术在列车群车联网中的应用框架研究

通过研究物联网技术、车联网技术及空天车地一体化网络的理论和应用现状,分析列车群车联网系统构建需求,搭建基于空天车地一体化列车群车联网系统总体框架;分别建立艇载、机载、车载、区域监测和地面中心监测节点和网关,阐述系统的通信结构;提出基于空天车地一体化的列车群车联网系统物理架构设计及信息传输等关键问题。为进一步研究服务于列车群监测和通信的空天车地一体化网络的理论和应用研究起到指导和启发作用。     

多自主水下航行器编队控制技术研究

对多自主水下航行器编队任务进行了概述,针对编队问题和目前常用的编队方法,提出了基于领航者法的分层式编队控制技术,将人工势场法引入到编队控制行为中,提高了AUVs编队的协调性与协作性,增强了编队体系的环境自适应能力.最后,通过仿真实现了多种编队案例,验证了算法的合理性和实用性.     

中国商业银行国际结算业务现状及存在问题分析

近年来,随着进出口业务的增长迅速,各家银行对国际结算业务的认识越来越重视。但是,商业银行的国际结算业务在带动经济发展的同时,也面临着创新能力有限的问题。本文着眼于中国商业银行国际业务的实际,剖析了现阶段中国主要商业银行在国际结算业务方面所反映出的问题,并给予了适当的调整策略。     

AGV小车在商用车车架装配中的应用

在商用车车架装配中设置AGV小车,满足车架装配中车架装配线的车架输送和装配线上的线体传输作业,根据商用车车架装配特点,先卧铆分装底盘铸件到单根纵梁,再装配横梁至纵梁内侧,进行合梁装配。将AGV小车引入车架装配的合梁工序,并增加带有车架装配定位辅具,贯穿合梁装配的后续车架装配工位,直至车架装配下线。小车上的装置可实现车架装配过程中外宽、对角线、平面度、同轴度等车架质量控制功能。     

对于商用车加速噪声试验新方法中发动机转速的处理意见

通过对商用车加速行驶车外噪声验证试验结果的分析发现,欧洲经济委员会颁布的ECE R51/03系列汽车加速行驶车外噪声法规缺少对于试验过程中商用车发动机转速特性的全面考虑。为此,结合GB 1495—2002中对类似情况的处理方式,以及ECE R51/03系列法规的制订宗旨,提出了针对发动机转速对应条款修订意见,并对条款修订前、后的试验数据进行了对比。