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Arne Beck 《Research in Transportation Economics》2010,29(1):183-194
After decades of stagnation, the competitive market for commercial public bus transport services in Germany is beginning to move. Nevertheless, compared to the total market volume, the number of cases where competition is observable remains small. An empirical analysis of competition in the commercial services market as compared to competition in the non-commercial services market confirms that entry barriers do exist. These barriers clearly impede competitive developments in this embryonic market, which relies on the market initiatives of operators to develop. The paper identifies a key entry barrier in the institutional framework: for potential market entrants, the overall uncertainty regarding competitive procedures for commercial services is significantly higher than usual in tendering procedures. This high uncertainty poses the main disadvantage for newcomers as compared to incumbents. 相似文献
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目前我国汽车零部件在全球产业链价值分工中处于低端位置,国内竞争也从单纯的产品与技术竞争发展到以整车为核心的零部件配套体系间的竞争。我国汽车零部件产业目前处在投资导向的初级阶段,存在3个核心问题:一是核心技术对外依赖严重;二是立足本土文化特征的供应链协作模式尚未形成;三是自主零部件的发展缺少自主品牌整车的需求拉动。新形势下我国汽车零部件应该选择"开放的大国图强"发展模式。 相似文献
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This paper analyzes the effects of cooperation between a hub-and-spoke airline and a high-speed rail (HSR) operator when the hub airport may be capacity-constrained. We find that such cooperation reduces traffic in markets where prior modal competition occurs, but may increase traffic in other markets of the network. The cooperation improves welfare, independent of whether or not the hub capacity is constrained, as long as the modal substitutability in the overlapping markets is low. However, if the modal substitutability is high, then hub capacity plays an important role in assessing the welfare impact: If the hub airports are significantly capacity-constrained, the cooperation improves welfare; otherwise, it is likely welfare reducing. Through simulations we further study the welfare effects of modal asymmetries in the demands and costs, heterogeneous passenger types, and economies of traffic density. Our analysis shows that the economies of traffic density alone cannot justify airline–HSR cooperation. 相似文献
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We build a duopoly model to shed light on the environmental impact of HSR-air transport competition, capturing the effects of induced demand, schedule frequency and HSR speed. The net environmental effect can be negative since there is a the trade-off between the substitution effect – how many passengers using the HSR are shifted from air transport – and the traffic generation effect – how much new demand is generated by the HSR. We conduct a simulation study based on the London-Paris market where HSR has served 70% of the market. The introduction of HSR is detrimental to LAP, while it is beneficial to GHG emissions. HSR entry increases neither LAP nor GHG emissions when the ratio between HSR and air transport emissions is relatively low. Moreover, competition is more likely to be detrimental to the environment when the weight of the social welfare in HSR objective function is high. Since the magnitude of the environmental friendliness of HSR compared to air transport hinges on the mix of energy sources used to generate the electricity (which is heavily constrained by the country in which HSR operates), regulators should assess the implications of HSR entry taking into account the energy policy and mitigation strategies available to transport modes. 相似文献
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随着我国智能网联汽车产业的高速发展,急需高职院校提供大量适岗的技能型人才,而课程体系又是支撑人才培养的中轴骨架。因此,课题在厘清“岗课赛证”逻辑下,基于高职院校教学实际,以智能网联汽车产业岗位为落脚点,将职业岗位技能标准融入到教学课程中,根据岗位需求设置课程内容。参照智能网联汽车职业技能竞赛,将竞赛评分准则加入课程实践教学考核标准中,以竞赛促进课程建设。对接“1+X”智能网联汽车职业技能等级考试,通过考试过关率验证课程教学效果,进而实现智能网联汽车课程体系的重构。初步研究表明,“课赛证”要根据岗位变化及时调整,才能跟上智能网联汽车行业日新月异的技术发展步伐,提升学生的职业适岗能力,反过来岗位则需要“课赛证”的夯实,才能进一步的升级。 相似文献
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The combined impact of ownership form, economic regulation and competition on airport performance is analyzed using data envelopment analysis to measure cost efficiency in the first stage and regression analysis to measure the impact of the environment in the second stage. The empirical results of an analysis of European and Australian airports over a 10 year timeframe reveal that under relatively non-competitive conditions, public airports operate less cost efficiently than fully private airports. Irrespective of ownership form, regulation is necessary to emulate competitive forces thus pushing airport management towards cost efficiency and reasonable pricing policies. Under potential regional or hub competition, economic regulation inhibits airports of any ownership form from operating and pricing efficiently. Although public and fully private airports operate equally efficiently in a competitive setting, private airports still set higher aeronautical charges. Furthermore, mixed ownership forms with a majority public holding are neither cost efficient nor low price, irrespective of the level of competition. 相似文献
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现代港口作为全球综合运输网络的节点,其功能正在不断拓宽,正朝着提供全方位的增值服务方向发展。论文首先阐述了国外港口物流发展的现状及特点,结合我国港口物流的现状及存在的问题,提出了改进措施,从而在国际物流网络形成的有利时期,加速提升我国港口物流的国际竞争力。 相似文献
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港口的区域垄断和竞争:圆周模型 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
港口具有一定的地理垄断性,同时港口竞争也日益加剧,交叉腹地日益扩大。区域垄断和竞争成为港口共同的发展特征,协调两者之间的关系对于港口产业发展具有重要意义。圆周模型对于分析港口产业经济特性非常恰当。通过运用圆周模型来理解港口的区域垄断和竞争特性,可以为实现港口产业规模型竞争的公共政策制定提供基础性的理论依据。具体的政策建议包括港口业务的垂直分解及构建地主港模式、加快港口民营化进程、在放松规制的同时重建规制及推动形成区域内邻近港口间的协同竞争关系。 相似文献
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文章分析了冷战后特别是后金融危机时代,中美关系在东亚地区的态势—合作、竞争与冲突,提出了中美关系在东亚地区关系的定位—正常的大国关系,最后分析了中美关系前景及对我国政策制定的影响。 相似文献