Interannual variability of the shelf-slope front position between 75° and 50° W

The shelf-slope front (SSF) is a continuous shelf-break front running from the Tail of the Grand Banks to Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, separating colder and less-saline continental shelf waters from warmer and more saline slope waters. Time series containing mean monthly SSF positions were produced along each of 26 longitude lines between 75° and 50°W by workers located at Bedford Institute of Oceanography by digitizing individual frontal charts and computing mean monthly latitudinal positions over a 29-year (1973–2001) period. After removing seasonal variability at each longitude, interannual variability (IAV) of the SSF position at each longitude was computed as the annual mean of all monthly SSF position anomalies for each year over the 29-year period. Despite some missing data, a longitude-time plot reveals alternating bands of offshore (late-1970s, late-1980s, late-1990s) and onshore (early-1980s, early-1990s, early-2000s) annual mean SSF anomaly values, exhibiting a period of approximately 10 years. Annual mean SSF anomaly amplitudes are largest in the east, with maxima of O (± 100 km) located east of 60° W for years when data are available. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) modes 1–4 (accounting for > 90% of the variance) form a set of basis functions that describe the SSF anomaly data and allow reconstruction of the entire data set since missing data are relatively few (14%). A complex empirical orthogonal function (CEOF) analysis using the “reconstructed” data reveals a wavelength scale of approximately 20° of longitude, a distance nearly equal to the entire study domain, along with steady, westward phase propagation of SSF anomalies over approximately the same distance. Speed calculations for the westward-propagating features yield a value of approximately 1.2 to 2.4 cm s^− 1 (1 to 2 km d^− 1), with annual mean SSF anomalies thus requiring about 4 years to propagate from the Tail of the Grand Banks in the east to Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, in the west. This propagation speed and the timing of the SSF positional anomalies at the Tail of the Grand Banks for the 29-year study period are in agreement with speeds computed for the propagation of quasi-decadal salinity anomalies through the Labrador Sea and the time of their arrival at the Tail of the Grand Banks. The small westward SSF anomaly propagation speed is an order of magnitude smaller than the associated currents, in agreement with a highly damped flow-through system originating from both Davis Strait and the West Greenland Current as discussed by other workers. Observations from both southern and northern portions of the study domain, within both continental shelf and slope waters, show that interannual changes in the volume of shelf water along with shelf water bulk properties exhibit a strong relationship with IAV of the SSF position over long time periods.     

RS-CR与RS-Turbo两类级联码的结构与性能分析

如果采用随机交织器和迭代的最大后验概率译码算法,Turbo码的译码性能接近Shannon限。但是当误比特率(BER)≤10-5时,性能曲线下降缓慢,趋近于水平线,影响了Turbo码的推广与应用。级联RS码能够有效地改善这一现象,但是RS Turbo级联码结构复杂,译码时延大。因此,本文基于交错与级联的思想,提出了一种新型的前向纠错码,即RS CR码(RS 复转码),设计构造了该码的编译码算法。RS码和复数旋转码同时对信息元进行编码,级联后新产生的二维前向纠错码,编码时间短,译码速度快,纠错能力可调,尤其适用于自适应的差错控制系统。     

轮齿表面线磨损规律的研究

本文分析了不同润滑状态下齿面的磨损规律,并通过滑动率呈正弦波形变化的滚子试验,获得了齿面线磨损量随材质与热处理、磨粒尺寸以及载荷的不同而变化的规律,进而形成一个初步的齿面线磨损量理论计算通式。     

应用复形优化方法的船舶结构可靠性分析

本文根据Hasofer－Lind关于结构可靠性指标的定义，提出改进的复形优化方法来计算可靠性指标，可避免复杂非线性极限状态函数的求导问题，亦可处理随机变量相关的问题。其突出的优点是，方法的通用性强，编制程序简单，便于推广应用。计算实例证明了本文方法的有效性。     

电力机车牵引绕组阻尼电路参数匹配对设备安全的影响

根据整流桥换流工作原理,研究了绕组阻尼电路的工作特点,给出阻尼电容电流及电阻功耗的计算方法,通过计算分析找出阻尼器件大量损坏的原因;分析了阻尼电容放电电流对晶闸管的危害性;进一步探讨机车操作过电压特点,推荐能兼顾操作过电压、满足阻尼器件和整流装置安全工作的阻尼电路参数。     

混凝土二次搅拌的机理分析

针对混凝土强度破坏常发生在水泥石与骨料界面的情况,指出传统混凝土搅拌工艺在提高水泥分散性、水化程度以及平衡混凝土界面过渡区强度梯度等方面存在的不足,提出用新的二次搅拌工艺改善混凝土界面区的结构和性质,可提高混凝土性能。剖析了二次搅拌的机理,并与传统搅拌方法进行了对比。结果表明：二次搅拌改善了混凝土界面的微观匀质性;减少了水泥颗粒的团聚现象,提高了水化程度;改善了混凝土界面区的水化物分布状态,综合提高了混凝土各项性能。     

Analysis of disc brake instability due to friction-induced vibration using a distributed parameter model

This paper deals with friction-induced vibration of a disc brake system with a constant friction coefficient. A linear, lumped, and distributed parameter model to represent the floating caliper disc brake system is proposed. The complex eigenvalues are used to investigate the dynamic stability, and, in order to verify simulations which are based on the theoretical model, an experimental modal test and dynamometer test are performed. The comparison of experimental and theoretical results shows good agreement, and the analysis indicates that modal coupling due to friction forces is responsible for disc brake squeal. Also, squeal type instability is investigated, using a parametric analysis. This indicates which parameters have influence on the propensity of brake squealing. This is helpful for validating the analysis model and establishing confidence in the experimental results of the modified system. These results may also be useful during system development or diagnostic analysis.     

平面交叉口左转车道的几何设计方法研究

针对平面交叉口左转车道的设计方法进行研究,参考发达国家平交路口安全设计规范,分析现有的设计技术规范中不合理的因素,从左转车道的布置、车道宽度的确定、车道长度的确定、过渡段的设计等几个方面,进行了详细的分析研究,提出了平面交叉口左转车道的几何设计方法。     

复杂采煤区路基变形规律及影响因素分析

分析了山西省煤炭开采现状以及采空区路基变形基本规律,结合有限元数值分析软件,建立不同开采方式下的路基变形与受力分析模型进行分析.结果表明：自重应力和附加应力引起采空区顶板发生变形,影响路基稳定;煤层开采宽度越大,路基在水平和竖直方向位移越大;不均匀沉降引起路基弯曲、倾斜、基应力集中等现象;煤矿的复杂开采方式过程对路基变形影响差异较大,实际工程应当根据具体情况采取相应的支护措施.     

变刚度调平设计在构造物连接与过渡段中的应用

依托江苏省某新建高速公路,针对小型构造物与两端连接路段的连接以及连接路段与一般路段间的局部差异沉降控制问题开展研究.基于概念设计中变刚度调平的理念,提出降低小型构造物的基础加固刚度,提高两侧连接段的加固刚度的方案,并比较桩间距3.5mPTC管桩复合地基处理过渡段与刚柔性组合桩复合地基处理过渡段的效果.结果表明,后者更加有利于构造物连接段与一般路段连接处局部差异沉降协调过渡.