轨道交通高架桥桥面综合布置研究

为统一轨道交通桥梁桥面布置,分别研究不同列车型号、受电方式(接触网位置)、疏散方式、消防水管位置、电缆位置情况下的桥面布置,并对比各种布置方式的使用效果,确立较为统一的桥面宽度,推荐标准桥面布置宽度,应用于实际工程,取得了良好的经济和社会效益。     

耙吸挖泥船的动力装置选型及综合评估

以6 500 m~3耙吸式挖泥船的动力装置为研究对象,对其配置方案的合理性进行分析,并进行动力系统配置方案选择、主机选型和能力校核计算。结合船舶设计任务书的要求,逐步分析目标船的整体性能和各工况下的功率需求。在此基础上,粗略估算目标船设备在各主要工况下的功率需求,并提出几种能满足各工况下功率需求的动力系统配置方案。根据目标船的工作特点,对各动力系统配置方案的适用性进行初步分析,采用层次分析法进行模糊评判,经过评估确定各评价指标的权重;通过对不同指标进行打分来确定隶属度并进行模糊运算,根据最大隶属度原则选出最适合目标船的动力配置方案;同时,根据最优配置方案选取的主机型号对目标船进行功率验证。计算分析结果表明,该研究方案满足目标船的设计要求,说明选用的研究模型和评价方法合理。     

地铁车站低压配电监控综合集成系统应用研究

目前车站低压配电系统内部的弱电监控系统越来越多,导致各系统设备重复设置,资源浪费比较严重;与外部其他系统的接口繁杂,调试维护复杂;值班人员需要关注多个终端,使用十分不便。通过对各低压配电监控子系统的分析,本着资源共享、节约投资的理念,提出各监控系统综合集成的设置方案,采用此集成系统可以减少设备投资、简化车站低压配电各监控子系统与外界接口,提高安装调试时的便利性及运营后期维护的可操作性,为车站运行安全提供保证。     

国铁沿线车站综合物业开发的策略及模式研究

以国铁沿线综合物业开发的背景为锲入点,以综合物业开发的必要性分析为研究基础。研究分析形成4条开发策略,包括基于统筹规划的整体开发、基于多方协调的合作开发、基于以土地为核心的规划协调和基于开发策划的系统经济分析,并得出物业开发的技术路线。另外,在ROD理论的基础上,形成车站本体开发、车站上盖开发和车站周边开发3种开发模式。最后以黔张常铁路物业开发为例简要介绍重点车站黔江北站的物业开发方案。     

综合运输通道旅客出行方式选择行为研究

针对综合运输通道内旅客出行距离长、频率低的特点,基于非集计理论和纯选择行为抽样调查法建立综合运输通道内旅客选择行为的Logit模型.对京沪运输通道内旅客选择行为随出发时间和出行距离变化情况的模拟表明,中长距离的旅客对综合运输通道内客运产品的选择受出发时间影响较大,客运需求结构在不同时段存在显著差异,而短距离旅客的出行方式选择行为受出发时间影响较小,此外各种运输方式的典型客运产品均存在优势运输距离范围.与京沪运输通道客运产品结构现状对比的结果表明,由综合运输通道内旅客出行方式选择行为模型得到的结果能够反映通道客运需求结构的现状,并且能够解释由客运供需矛盾引发的购票困难等现象,从而为综合运输通道客运基础设施的科学规划和客运产品的合理设计提供理论依据.     

基于熵权理想点法的铁路线路方案优选研究

铁路线路走向方案优选通常是一项复杂的系统工程,需要尽可能拟定多个方案,多角度、多层次的比选,所以是一个多目标的综合决策问题。传统的方案优选方法主要考虑工程投资,同时对其他指标进行定性比较,进而对方案做出评价,如果在经济指标差别不是很大的情况下,由于缺乏全面决策信息,很难选出较优方案。引用多目标决策方法熵权理想点法,应用于新建高速铁路西安至延安线铜川至富县段方案优选,在综合考虑其影响线路方案的因素基础上,建立方案综合评价指标体系,并对其拟定的走向方案进行全面评价。评价结果表明该方法具有较高的可信度,较传统方法更有参考性,可为线路决策者在优选方案时提供一定的借鉴。     

CIPS环境下的综合回放

从编组站作业环节出发,结合中国铁路编组站各业务流程,提出了一个新的回放系统设计理念。作为CIPS系统的一部分,面对复杂的作业流程,如何通过回放系统完整地再现编组站作业的全过程,是CIPS综合回放系统研究的主要内容。论文结合CIPS系统在成都北编组站、武汉北编组站及贵阳南编组站的实际应用,详细阐述了回放系统需要面对的业务需求及其相应的数据表达方式,同时对系统的实现方法进行了探讨,并在文章的最后部分,对CIPS综合回放系统在编组站的应用进行了总结。     

Is rail cleaner and greener than bus?

The popular consensus is that urban passenger rail is more environmentally friendly than urban passenger bus. This position is largely associated with the key energy source for each mode, respectively electricity and diesel, where electric vehicle use will typically result in local air quality improvements away from the electricity generation source. Surveys of community perceptions reflect this sentiment; however the relationship between the source of energy and its resultant emissions is not something that citizens fully understand. There is a general lack of awareness of the resource base of much of electricity generation in some countries. Where generation sources are suitably renewable or low-carbon, electricity use will offer greenhouse gas abatement potential. However, in countries which still rely heavily on coal-fired power stations, such as Australia, abatement is not as assured and estimating emission outcomes can require careful assessment. Supporters of alternatives to diesel use can focus on the future supply of fossil-fuels, an argument which has merit; however such arguments are often confounded with environmental qualities related to local air pollution and enhanced greenhouse gas emissions. This paper takes a close look at the greenhouse emissions that are associated with urban rail and bus in Australia. Estimated intensities, when presented in the context of effective service delivery (primarily in terms of emissions per passenger kilometre), raise questions about the distortions that are present in the widespread promotion in Australia (at least) of rail as a more environmentally friendly and hence a sustainable mode of urban passenger transport than bus.     

An advanced traveler general information system for Fresno,California

This study estimates the effects of an advanced traveler general information system (ATGIS), which includes fuel consumption and health-related emissions cost information on transportation network users’ travel choice behavior for recurrent congestion conditions. The effects are estimated using four different formulations based on four different behavioral assumptions. Incorporating stochastic features in link cost estimation rather than in route choice, we provide a novel modeling approach that enables us to use transportation planning models of major metropolitan areas without a need for major computationally-expensive changes in the existing models. We examined the effects of an ATGIS on the Fresno, CA, road network and found several interesting results. First, the ATGIS impact is closely related to pre-system (prior to the implementation of an ATGIS) perceived fuel and emissions costs. Total travel time in the city can be reduced by 17% (no pre-system perceived costs) to 1% (accurate pre-system perceived costs), and even increased by 1% (higher-than-actual pre-system perceived costs). Second, the addition of emissions costs, although negligible relative to fuel and time costs, can effectively reduce total system-wide travel time by up to 1% and fuel consumption by up to 0.6% during peak hours. Third, the ATGIS can reduce annual social costs by as much as $1053 million (high gas price, no pre-system perception) to $48 million (medium gas price, accurate pre-system perception), which are comparable to social cost savings by a congestion pricing (CP) scheme in the study area.     

On a pathway to de-carbonization – A comparison of new passenger car CO2 emission standards and taxation measures in the G20 countries

Considering the role of transport for a 1.5 Degree stabilization pathway and the importance of light-duty vehicle fuel efficiency within that, it is important to understand the key elements of a policy package to shape the energy efficiency of the vehicle fleet. This paper presents an analysis focusing on three types of policy measures: (1) CO₂ emission standards for new vehicles, (2) vehicle taxation directly and indirectly based on CO₂ emission levels, and (3) fuel taxation. The paper compares the policies in the G20 economies and estimates the financial impact of those policies using the example of a Ford Focus vehicle model. This analysis is a contribution to the assessment of the role of the transport sector in global decarbonisation efforts. The findings of this paper show that only an integrated approach of regulatory and fiscal policy measures can yield substantial efficiency gains in the vehicle fleet and can curb vehicle kilometres travelled by individual motorised transport. Using the illustrative example of one vehicle model, the case study analysis shows that isolated measures, e.g. fuel efficiency regulation without corresponding fuel and vehicle taxes only have minor CO₂ emission reduction effects and that policy measures need to be combined in order to achieve substantial emission reduction gains over time. The analysis shows that the highest level of impact is achieved by a combination regulatory and fiscal policies rather than only one policy even if this policy is more aggressive. When estimating the quantitative effect of fuel efficiency standards, vehicle and fuel tax, the analysis shows that substantial gains with regard to CO₂ emission are only achieved at a financial impact level above 500 Euros over a four year period.