浅谈语言输入理论与翻译能力的培养

本文从Krashen语言输入理论入手,从词汇输入、风格输入与文化输入三方面举例分析论证了可理解输入对翻译能力培养的作用;最后寄望这方面的探讨能对翻译水平的提高有所启示。     

浅析高职学生的能力与培养

国际间的政治、经济、文化、科技的交往日益频繁,未来社会对劳动者综合素质和能力的要求也越来越高,所以在对学生传授职业知识,培养职业技能,进行职业指导的过程中,职业学校应特别重视高职学生综合能力的培养,高职教育只有重视学生的"潜能",注重能力的全面培养,才能使学生凭借已获得的知识积累和综合能力素质,去适应社会发展和个人进步的需要。那么,作为一名高职学生,应具备怎样的能力呢?     

铁路隧道病害的综合检测与治理

隧道检测中最关心的问题是利用衬砌厚度、裂损部位、空洞空隙分析、混凝土结构完整性、力学强度、围岩变形等方面的信息,判断工程施工是否达到设计要求,诊断与评价既有衬砌的工作状态与安全性能,分析病害产生的原因,提出病害整治方案。利用雷达扫描沿隧道拱顶、左右拱肩、左右边墙施工5条线连续扫描,声波检测沿拱顶每10m一对测点,数码摄像沿隧道全程连续摄录,对90座隧道进行了全面的病害检测。地质与综合物探检测表明,铁路隧道病害的产生与地质环境、设计与施工有密切的关系,病害整治要针对不同原因制定相应措施。     

也谈筑路机械油耗定额的制定

制定筑路机械的油耗定额势在必行。实践证明,采用对各种筑路机械的基本燃油耗量进行修正的方法计算其油耗定额,切合实际,科学可靠。     

船用大功率柴油机新型燃油系统的数值仿真

本文数值仿真了一种适合劣质燃油（重油）的循环式燃油系统（一泵二嘴四针阀），提出了处理喷油器和燃油分配器边界条件的准维模型以及用于喷油泵边界条件的新模型。该燃油系统已应用于MANB&WL60MC／MCE等大功率柴油机。与常规的数值仿真相比，求解管内流动的二队双曲型偏微分方程的边界条件发生了很大变化，这是燃油系统研究的难点和关键。预测结果与试验结果较为一致。本研究还进行了不同功率点变型方案的模拟研究和结构参数的优化设计分析，以满足不同船舶的需要。     

乘用车燃料消耗量检测不确定度评定

基于国内乘用车排放试验室现状,根据《测量不确定度评定与表示》(JJF 1059—1999)中对不确定度的定义和评定要求,将尾气排放测试系统、底盘测功机等仪器和设备、环境条件、标准物质、试验操作等影响测量结果的不确度用于评定汽车燃油消耗量测量精度,通过计算得到了碳平衡法油耗测试结果的扩展不确定度,且表明了该结果的置信范围和程度。     

基于AHP-模糊综合评价的路面预防性养护措施决策研究

预防性养护是一种在路面状况尚处于良好情况下采取的对现有道路系统进行有计划的、基于费用效益的养护策略。养护措施的选择应针对不同路况采取不同的策略。以唐山市某国道工程为实例,介绍采用AHP-模糊综合评价法得到路面预防性养护的最佳措施。     

电喷摩托车供油方式分析及燃油消耗量测量探讨

电喷摩托车供油方式和化油器摩托车截然不同,沿用化油器摩托车发动机的燃油消耗测量方式不能准确进行燃油消耗量的测量,必须根据具体特点,采用正确的方法,才能准确进行电喷摩托车和电喷发动机燃油消耗量的测量。     

Potential of low viscosity oils to reduce CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of urban buses fleets

This paper shows the results of a comparative fleet test the main objective of which was to measure the influence of Low Viscosity Oils (LVO) over the fuel consumption and CO₂ emissions of urban buses. To perform this test, 39 urban buses, classified into candidate and reference groups depending on the engine oil viscosity, covered a 60,000 km mileage corresponding to two rounds of standard Oil Drain Interval (ODI). In the same way, for 9 buses of the 39 buses, the effect of differential LVO over fuel consumption and their interaction with engine LVO was assessed during the second ODI.Test results confirm that the use of LVO could reduce fuel consumption, hence CO₂ emissions. However, special attention should be taken prior to its implementation in a fleet, particularly if the vehicles are powered by engines with high mechanical and thermal stresses during vehicle operation because this could lead to friction loss increase, loss of the potential fuel consumption reduction of LVO and, in the worst scenario, higher rates of engine wear.     

Impact of transition between signal timing plans in social cost based in delay,fuel consumption and air emissions

Significant effects of traffic congestion include the cost associated with extra travel time, fuel consumption, and gas emissions. This paper develops a mathematical function to quantify the monetary impact of transition designs between signal timing plans on users and the environment. This function offers an approach to reduce problems such as excessive travel time, pollution emissions and fuel consumption. The proposed social cost function is evaluated for various transition plans to assess the impact of the number of steps required to adjust signal timing. The relationships between delay, fuel consumption and gas emissions and the number of steps needed to achieve the transition are also analysed.