结构灵敏度分析及计算方法概述

从结构优化、系统的理解和条件、结构模型发展和参数识别等方面概述了采用灵敏度分析(SA)的原因,又从设计变量、结构参数、结构响应和函数性态等四个不同角度上进行了SA的分类,并从基于计算策略和实验数据两个方面介绍了SA的计算方法。简要回顾了形状和尺寸SA、随机SA、应力/应变SA、位移SA和特征值/特征向量SA的最新进展和应用。对基于结构响应的SA综合考虑静态和动态响应,重点关注特征值和特征向量的导数求解等难点问题。     

汽车挡风玻璃除霜性能数值模拟

利用CFD方法建立汽车除霜性能动态模型,并量化了除霜器在挡风玻璃附近的气流速度场,对挡风玻璃除霜时间及效果进行了探讨,为汽车挡风玻璃除霜效果模拟工程提供了参考。     

多轴混合动力特种车辆空气动力学特性分析与改进设计

建立某多轴混合动力特种车辆整车外流场仿真模型,采用计算流体力学方法分析整车外流场特性.根据分析结果对驾驶室进气格栅、驾驶室与货箱之间的上部连接、驾驶室下部进风口三个部位进行优化设计.在优化设计过程中,特别关注提升各车桥分布式驱动电机的散热效果,并根据局部外流场特性确定车桥处的电机风扇朝向布置.结果表明,优化后的整车风阻...     

Study of collision characteristics of water-filled double-layer structure

Water-filled double-layer structures are typical hull structures. However, the effect of the carried water has often been neglected in previous collision studies. The carried water couples with the hull structure and participates in the energy absorption process, which reduces the collision damage done to the hull structure. This paper focuses on the effects of compressible carried water on the collision characteristics of a hull structure. Therefore, collision experiments with a simplified double-layer structure (water tank) were performed, and the corresponding collision process was simulated with the finite-element method. The two kinds of pressure (a shock wave and pressure disturbance) generated in the carried water when the water tank collides with a striker were investigated. By comparing the dynamic characteristics of empty and completely filled water tanks, it can be observed that the pressure of the carried water can reduce the displacement of the outer plate and change its deformation shape. Furthermore, the effects of pressure on the collision force and displacement of the inner plate were investigated. Finally, the collision characteristics of a typical water-filled side structure are presented as an example.     

基于FSI的尾轴倾角对水润滑轴承润滑特性的影响

应用流固耦合方法,在考虑水润滑尾轴承内部结构和内部流场相互作用的情况下,研究尾轴倾角对轴承水润滑特性的影响,探讨轴承、尾轴与水膜间的流固耦合问题。应用ADINA有限元软件,建立尾轴承流固耦合模型,求解尾轴承水膜压力分布,以及轴承的压力分布、径向变形和有效应力,分析尾轴倾角对尾轴承润滑特性的影响规律。结果表明:当计入尾轴倾角时,尾轴承最大水膜压力出现在轴承尾端,倾角越大,最大水膜压力也越大,且随着尾轴倾角的增大,水膜压力以及轴承的压力、径向变形和有效应力也逐渐增大。     

发动机水套方案优选

某涡轮增压发动机开发过程中,出现了缸垫黏结、机油积炭、缸孔轻微拉伤等过热问题。针对这些问题制订了5个发动机水套优化方案,然后通过制造工艺性、制造经济性、发动机可靠性、CAE计算结果多方面综合评估,优选出2个相对较好的方案。对优选出的方案进行样件试制、试验测试,确认优化效果。结合试验测试结果,确定出最终工程实施的技术方案。最终通过台架耐久性测试及试验后发动机拆解分析,确认过热问题得到解决。     

径向转向架DF8B机车垂向异常振动分析

针对DF8B机车采用引进径向转向架技术后出现的垂向振动加速度超标问题,分析比较机车实测振动频率成份和悬挂系统的频率响应特性,通过对悬挂参数和转向架结构的分析,确定产生这一问题的根源在于转向架随动式制动装置的布置方式,当轮对受到线路轨缝垂向冲击激励时,该装置的摩擦副不能顺畅滑动,使一系垂向弹簧两端瞬间形成刚性连接,导致机车产生非正常垂向振动。由简化模型计算表明,在摩擦副的作用下,机车车体的垂向频率响应发生了变化,在6 Hz有一个响应峰值,这就使机车8.4 Hz的一阶垂弯振动较易激起,如果去掉该摩擦副,则试验中得到的8.4 Hz的较大响应可望消除。     

钢轨波浪形磨损研究

钢轨波浪形磨损（简称钢轨波磨）是车辆与轨道结构激烈振动并产生噪声的主要因素之一，不仅影响旅客乘坐舒适度和装运货物的完好，而且缩短结构部件的使用寿命。结合试验，采用车辆一轨道耦合动力学理论、轮轨三维非赫兹滚动接触理论、材料摩擦磨损理论和塑性理论，研究钢轨波浪形磨损的形成和发展机理。主要研究内容如下。     

Analysis of dynamic response of the high-speed EMS maglev vehicle/guideway coupling system with random irregularity

A new dynamic model of a high-speed EMS maglev vehicle/guideway interaction is presented. The model considers the vehicle and the guideway as an integral system and couples vertical interaction with lateral interaction. The vehicle subsystem is modeled as a multi-body system, which runs on the guideway with a constant velocity. The guideway substructure is modeled as an elastic beam. The attractive magnetic forces between vehicle and guideway are decided by controller, observer, and filter. A special simulation program is developed. Numerical results of the program are compared with test results. The results show that the coupling model is appropriate and the simulation program is credible primarily. Applications of coupling model to the investigation of the effect of irregularities on maglev system are reported at the end of the paper. The studies in this paper can be used to evaluate and optimize dynamic performances of the high-speed EMS maglev system.     

地裂时桥梁倒塌过程研究

利用LS-DYNA程序建立数值分析模型，再现土耳其Arifiye大桥在1999年地震中由于地裂引起倒塌的过程，并与真实的倒塌场景进行比较，验证了分析模型的正确性。有限元分析中，墩台和上部结构均采用平面应力单元，忽略弹性支座的影响；墩台与上部结构之间采用接触算法；结构动力分析采用显式有限元法进行。从对桥梁上部结构破坏过程中梁体位移的动力响应分析可知，梁体坠落过程中没有与相邻墩台发生明显的撞击。对地裂发生位置和上部结构形式对倒塌影响的研究表明，结构完整性能够明显阻止结构发生连续性倒塌破坏；在阻止地裂引起桥梁破坏方面，连续结构形式优于简支结构形式，可有效减轻地裂发生瞬间桥梁破坏造成的生命财产损失。