Observations on the relationship between European standards for safety barrier impact severity and the degree of injury sustained

Road restraint systems are roadside structures that include safety barriers, crash cushions, terminal of barriers, the transitions among different road restraint systems, motorcyclist protection devices, etc. These systems are used to protect vehicle occupants from dangerous roadside elements and are a key issue in roadside safety.     

Parallel computing with domain decomposition for the vehicle crashworthiness simulation

The research presented in the paper deals with explicit nonlinear finite element calculation with domain decomposition for vehicle crashworthiness simulation. This is very important for vehicle design. Parallel computing is an efficient solution method to speedup and enhance the solving ability of large-scale numerical simulation. In this paper, a cost-effective domain decomposition method based on contact balance is presented, and the algorithm flowchart including contact computing is provided, and the parallel computing process and communication overhead are analyzed. Furthermore, scalability of the parallel computing method on different hardware platforms, the SGI Onyx 3800 and the ShenWei cluster, is studied. Finally, the effect of different domain decomposition strategy on vehicle crashworthiness simulation computing efficiency is presented. To end users, the research results should provide a reference for vehicle design and choosing appropriate hardware platform and computing software.     

汽车安全气囊滚球式碰撞传感器结构设计

在安全气囊系统(SRS)设计中,需要SRS能够精确感应汽车发生的碰撞,并按照程序判断碰撞事故的严重程度。文章采用滚球式碰撞传感器来检测和判断汽车发生碰撞后的撞击信号。汽车发生碰撞时,滚球式碰撞传感器能根据汽车的速度和加速度大小,自动选择安全带预紧器动作或与安全气囊同时工作,从而避免了气囊的浪费。滚球式碰撞传感器具有结构简单、抗干扰能力好、制造成本低以及使用维护方便等优点,已经成功用于多款车型。     

A new,non-canonical Poisson regression model for the prediction of crashes on low-volume rural roads

The purpose of the study was to compare the prediction power of a simplified non-canonical Poisson crash-prediction model to other model types. The model, fitted to serious and fatal crash data from 86 two-lane low-volume rural highway segments, showed a good fit, which was not significantly different from that of a negative binomial model. The application of the present model uses the linear form of the non-canonical Poisson model. Hence the simplification of the model versus other models results from the finding that the expected number of crashes per 1 km is directly proportional to the daily volume, unlike logarithmic functions in other models. In the non-canonical model, it is necessary to estimate only one parameter, whereas estimations of more parameters are needed in the negative binomial model.     

薄壁直梁件碰撞性能计算机仿真方法的研究

本语文通过壁直梁件的碰撞仿真研究，对碰撞仿真的技术细节进行了深入的研究，分析了网格密度，车身用低碳钢材料塑性选场生随应变率的变化及焊点力学特性因素对仿真结果的影响。     

PG-1 5型节制杆式台车试验技术研究

本文介绍了节制杆式台车试验系统的工作原理和设计过程。通过模拟吸能器受力和流体运动分析，建立数学建模，推导节制杆的设计数学模型。通过碰撞模拟试验和实车碰撞试验对比，模拟滑车可以再现实车碰撞的动力学过程。     

中美碰撞标准对比与分析

伴随着车速的不断提升,汽车的碰撞安全性已成为全球高度关注的问题。文章对中美两国汽车的正面碰撞标准、侧面碰撞标准以及给乘客带来的伤害差异进行了对比分析,从中可以认识到中国和美国标准的差距,指出中国汽车碰撞标准仍相对落后和宽松;同时考虑到我国和欧美国家人体体型和体质的差异,在伤害标准方面,我们应当继续坚持对欧美伤害标准有差异的参考。     

车身碰撞盒的回弹试验研究

选择压边力、板料初始尺寸、润滑条件作为试验参数对U形车身碰撞盒进行了冲压成形生产试验,测取了三维空间各点的回弹值。结合试验结果,对影响回弹的因素进行了分析讨论。试验结果表明：回弹随着压边力增大而减小;在一次成形中,试件弯曲的点数影响回弹角的大小。     

基于有限元法的渔船碰撞仿真

以一起3万吨商船碰撞渔船为例,在充分考虑几何非线性、材料非线性和接触非线性的基础上,对商船满载和压载两种工况下与渔船的碰撞进行了仿真研究,分析了不同速度工况下渔船的损毁情况、应力情况和总能量吸收规律等。结果表明:碰撞主要破坏渔船的局部结构,且发生时间很短;商船速度越快,渔船损毁越严重;渔船破损处的形状与商船的形状非常相似,结合商船航行记录及仿真结果有助于判断商船是否为肇事船舶。     

基于关联规则的重大道路交通事故影响因素分析

相比于一般交通事故,重大道路交通事故的特征及其影响机理会有所差异,本文旨在研究重大道路交通事故的分布特征及其主要影响因素。收集2014至2018年的重大道路交通事故数据,从驾驶员行为、车辆状况、道路线形和时空分布方面对重大道路交通事故的基本特征进行分析,采用关联规则技术深入挖掘重大道路交通事故多因素的影响机理。从人、车、道路和环境四个方面,重点讨论了重大道路交通事故中的两因素和三因素交互作用的影响机理,并据此提出了针对性的事故预防措施。