影响日照附近海域的北上热带气旋特征分析

文中根据对1972年以来北上热带气旋的统计,对北上影响日照附近海域的热带气旋,从北上路径、经过日照时热带气旋的强度、日照本站的风力等方面进行了特征分析。同时,给出了适于日照港港口安全管理部门使用的热带气旋预报信息的来源。论文的结论可供进一步加强日照港防抗北上热带气旋工作,保障日照港防抗台期间船舶和海上作业安全提供重要的参考。     

国外深海作战概念发展及启示

深海是任何一个国家尚未完全控制的领域,是未来我海军实践“非对称”对抗和抢占战略制高点的理想空间。与传统的陆地、海上和空中空间相比,在深海空间部署装备,具有军事活动空间范围大、作战部署灵活、作战行动自由度大、隐蔽性强、威慑力强等特点。本文对国外深海作战概念基本情况和发展现状进行研究,分析国外深海作战概念对我影响,为相关单位提供参考、借鉴。     

Estimating fuel burn impacts of taxi-out delay with implications for gate-hold benefits

The aviation community is actively investigating initiatives to reduce aircraft fuel consumption from surface operations, as surface management strategies may face fewer implementation barriers compared with en route strategies. One fuel-saving initiative for the air transportation system is the possibility of holding aircraft at the gate, or the spot, until the point at which they can taxi unimpeded to the departure runway. The extent to which gate holding strategies have financial and environmental benefits hinges on the quantity of fuel that is consumed during surface operations. A pilot of an aircraft may execute the taxi procedure on a single engine or utilize different engine thrust rates during taxi because of a delay. In the following study, we use airline fuel consumption data to estimate aircraft taxi fuel consumption rates during the “unimpeded” and “delayed” portions of taxi time. We find that the fuel consumption attributed to a minute of taxi-out delay is less than that attributed to minute of unimpeded taxi time; for some aircraft types, the fuel consumption rate for a minute of taxi delay is half of that for unimpeded taxi. It is therefore not appropriate, even for rough calculations, to apply nominal taxi fuel consumption rates to convert delayed taxi-out time into fuel burn. On average we find that eliminating taxi delay would reduce overall flight fuel consumption by about 1%. When we consider the savings on an airport-by-airport basis, we find that for some airports the potential reduction from reducing taxi delay is as much as 2%.     

申江路高架跨越上海磁浮示范运营线的综合监护技术

上海磁浮示范运营线的安全保护区被定义为线路轨道外边线两侧各30 m范围。在磁浮保护区内进行施工作业时,应当通过涵盖施工对象及磁浮线路自身,贯穿施工前、施工期间和施工后的综合监护技术来控制其对磁浮结构及附属设施的影响。阐述了综合监护技术的主要工作内容,并以上海申江路高架跨越上海磁浮示范运营线为例,介绍了综合监护技术的工程实践过程,分析了几个关键技术及其在施工过程中的作用。研究结论可为类似工程提供参考。     

双目测距技术在调车作业中的 研究与应用

为实现调车作业视频监控与测距的目的,设计一种用于调车顶送作业的双目测距系统,其通过安装于机车车厢的双目摄像机,采集机车已挂车厢与待挂车厢之间实时视频并测量其距离。在OpenCV计算机视觉库与Windows平台下,使用张正友标定法对双目摄像机进行标定,并获得畸变校正后的图像与摄像机参数。通过SGBM特征匹配算法实现车厢目标特征提取与立体匹配。最后利用三维重建方法获得深度信息。系统分别在实验室环境与现场环境下进行实验,现场实验结果表明,测距结果比实际距离稍偏大,最大误差小于1 m,满足实际现场环境要求,可有效地辅助人工瞭望进行调车作业。     

天津地铁网络化运营管理的探索和思考

目前天津地铁即将由单线运营转入网络化运营模式,如何充分结合天津地铁线网规划,确定合理的网络化运营模式,确保地铁网络运营的安全、高效,以及如何体现网络化运营模式的社会、经济价值,已成为地铁运营管理面临的新课题。结合天津地铁1号线的运营管理实践经验,分析网络化运营模式对管理体制、运营组织、维修模式、资源共享等方面的要求,为天津地铁网络化运营管理提供思路。     

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既有研究已经论证高速公路独有的运营特点，包括双能力现象。双能力现象表明，高速公路在自由运行(非排队式)条件下比在排队条件下具有更大能力。在孤立的匝道区，双能力现象的存在，决定了匝道控制在减缓高速公路和匝道交通延迟的效率。本文进一步探讨了微观仿真模型(VISSIM)是否能够在分析现象有关特征的基础上，校准复制双能力现象。本文指出，微观模拟模型用于研究匝道控制延误评价时，必须具有再现双能力现象的能力，否则就会得到错误的结论。本文发现大多数微观模拟模型，例如VISSIM，尽管使用了传统的跟弛理论，但不能自动展示双能力现象。然而，如果在VISSIM中使用一组特殊的编码参数就能再现双能力现象。利用VISSIM模型，本文分析了匝道控制和双能力现象的特征，发现匝道控制减小了双能力值的差距，尤其是采用排队政策时。由于高速公路在自由运行状态下的能力难以评佑，本文建议可用有排队状态下的能力值来代替。     

Demonstration of reduced airport congestion through pushback rate control

Airport surface congestion results in significant increases in taxi times, fuel burn and emissions at major airports. This paper describes the field tests of a congestion control strategy at Boston Logan International Airport. The approach determines a suggested rate to meter pushbacks from the gate, in order to prevent the airport surface from entering congested states and to reduce the time that flights spend with engines on while taxiing to the runway. The field trials demonstrated that significant benefits were achievable through such a strategy: during eight four-hour tests conducted during August and September 2010, fuel use was reduced by an estimated 12,250–14,500 kg (4000–4700 US gallons), while aircraft gate pushback times were increased by an average of only 4.4 min for the 247 flights that were held at the gate.     

“一带一路”国家高速铁路新建线路技术规章体系构建研究

随着“一带一路”倡议的推进和中国铁路“走出去”战略的实施,铁路技术规章体系国际化的要求日益迫切。从我国技术规章体系入手,以印度尼西亚、泰国为主要分析对象,分析我国技术规章应用的适应性,提出以单一层次技术规章体系为核心,将车务、机务、工务、供电、车辆等专业合并为运营管理、动车组运用维护、固定设施维护和信息系统4个部分的体系架构,并指出各个部分应最少具有的技术规章以及其对应参考的国内技术规章,为“一带一路”国家高速铁路新建线路规章建设提供参考。     

Analysis of the operational energy efficiency for inland river ships

This paper looks at the energy consumption and green house gas emissions of inland river shipping, and compares them with the performance of seagoing ships. The analysis is based on a case study of container shipping on the Yangtze River, China. Data were collected under both calm water and real navigation conditions, and energy efficiency operation indices under these conditions are calculated and analyzed. We find that the navigation environment can influence significantly the operational energy efficiency of inland river ships.