高等教育大众化视阈下的高等职业教育质量观刍议

随着我国高等教育大众化进程的不断推进,高等职业教育的教育质量成了全社会最为关注的问题．文章运用高等教育理论并结合当前高等职业教育发展的现状,对新时期高等职业教育质量现进行了导引性研究,旨在为目前高等职业教育的发展挖掘和提供多雏视角．     

深圳公交导向发展规划实践

公交导向发展(TOD)是资源节约、环境友好、土地集约型的精明增长方式,是我国大都市发展的战略选择和必由之路。结合深圳市轨道交通二期工程规划的实践,通过对传统轨道交通规划设计体系存在问题的分析,提出了基于公交导向发展的轨道交通规划设计层次体系,并从宏观、中观、微观三个层面探讨了各层次轨道交通规划与各层次城市规划协调配合的目的、内容和方法,为其他城市开展相关规划提供参考。     

浅谈滚动物料计划在汽车行业中的应用

随着汽车逐年普及,消费者需求多样化、个性化随着增长,而且消费者对提车周期要求越来越高.汽车生产企业如何快速、高效的占领市场,同时降低供应链物流成本,是目前自主品牌汽车企业面临重大挑战.需要从软硬件进行全面提升竞争能力,物料组织改进是整个汽车供应链改进不可缺少的一个重要环节,能帮助企业迅速占领市场,以最小的成本换取最大利...     

轨迹数据驱动的单点信号交叉口运行效率评价方法

为解决信号交叉口运行效率评价方法偏理论化、实用性不强等问题,以出租车、公交车、驾图(车联网)多源GPS轨迹数据为基础,充分利用车辆减速、停车、加速等连续速度变化特征及位置信息,提出交叉口个体车辆排队长度、通行时间、停车次数等交通参数提取技术.基于此,构建以信号交叉口运行指数为一级指标,车辆平均通行时间,第95％分位排队...     

TOD模式效益分析及评价指标体系

本文以TOD模式结构及功能分析为基础,通过确立模式开发涉及的效益主体及其期望目标,遵循效益最大化原则,将TOD模式系统效益划分为交通系统效益、经济效益、社会效益、环境效益4类进行评价分析.同时,在特性分析基础上,进一步确立了效益指标设置思路,并采用层次分析法建立了完整的TOD模式效益评价指标体系,为评价TOD模式效益并促进模式的进一步发展提供了理论支持.     

面向PHM的高速列车谱系化产品技术平台开发和实践

为实现不同速度等级、不同运用环境下高速列车的快速设计、快速制造以及保证谱系产品的健康运营和管理,提出并构建由数据平台、设计平台、制造平台和健康管理平台组成的面向故障预测与健康管理(PHM)的高速列车谱系化产品技术平台.首先,剖析高速列车谱系化与健康管理平台的融合机制,集成零部件研制与使用阶段的研发数据;其次,从技术架构...     

基于结果导向的绿色公路评价指标体系研究

本文在梳理绿色公路建设历程的基础上,结合绿色公路提出的时代背景、发展要求及目前评价指标体系存在的问题,借鉴目标管理法(MBO)突出结果导向,面向全寿命周期的三个阶段,从"资源节约"、"生态环保"、"低碳减排"、"智慧高效"等方面构建了包括4个一级指标、25个二级指标的绿色公路评价指标体系。     

Using GPS-data to determine optimum electric vehicle ranges: A Michigan case study

Fuel-switching personal transportation from gasoline to electricity offers many advantages, including lower noise, zero local air pollution, and petroleum-independence. But alleviations of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are more nuanced, due to many factors, including the car’s battery range. We use GPS-based trip data to determine use type-specific, GHG-optimized ranges. The dataset comprises 412 cars and 384,869 individual trips in Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. We use previously developed algorithms to determine driver types, such as using the car to commute or not. Calibrating an existing life cycle GHG model to a forecast, low-carbon grid for Ann Arbor, we find that the optimum range varies not only with the drive train architecture (plugin-hybrid versus battery-only) and charging technology (fast versus slow) but also with the driver type. Across the 108 scenarios we investigated, the range that yields lowest GHG varies from 65 km (55+ year old drivers, ultrafast charging, plugin-hybrid) to 158 km (16–34 year old drivers, overnight charging, battery-only). The optimum GHG reduction that electric cars offer – here conservatively measured versus gasoline-only hybrid cars – is fairly stable, between 29% (16–34 year old drivers, overnight charging, battery-only) and 46% (commuters, ultrafast charging, plugin-hybrid). The electrification of total distances is between 66% and 86%. However, if cars do not have the optimum range, these metrics drop substantially. We conclude that matching the range to drivers’ typical trip distances, charging technology, and drivetrain is a crucial pre-requisite for electric vehicles to achieve their highest potential to reduce GHG emissions in personal transportation.     

冻融作用下的沥青混合料力学特性

冻融损坏是冰冻地区沥青混合料的主要破坏形式。通过冻融循环作用下的沥青混合料单轴压缩和劈裂强度试验,分析了冻融循环次数、油石比等因素对沥青混合料力学特性的影响。试验得出,冻融循环次数和油石比对混合料的抗压和劈裂抗拉特性均有影响,油石比越小,影响越明显;在最佳油石比5.5%时,混合料的抗冻性能最好;冻融循环次数对沥青混合料力学特性的影响逐渐减弱,在10~12次冻融循环后,沥青混合料冻融后的强度和模量损失率均逐渐趋于稳定。     

Environmental impacts of public transport systems using real-time control method

Public Transport (PT) systems rely more and more on online information extracted from both operator’s intelligent equipment and user’s smartphone applications. This allows for a better fit between supply and demand of the multimodal PT system, especially through the use of PT real-time control actions/tactics. In doing so there is also an opportunity to consider environmental-related issues to approach energy saving and reduced pollution. This study investigates and analyses the benefits of using real-time PT operational tactics in reducing the undesirable environmental impacts. A tactic-based control (TBC) optimization model is used to minimize total passenger travel time and maximize direct transfers (without waiting). The model consists of a control policy built upon a combination of three tactics: holding, skip-stops, and boarding limit. The environmental-related measure is the global warming potential (GWP) using the life cycle assessment technique. The methodology developed is applied to a real life case study in Auckland, New Zealand. Results show that TBC could reduce the GWP by means of reduction of total passenger travel times and vehicle travel cycle time. That is, the TBC model results in a 5.6% reduction in total GWP per day compared with an existing no-tactic scenario. This study supports the use of real-time control actions to maintain a reliable PT service, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and subsequently moving towards greener PT systems.