�ҹ�����������·��ͣ���շѶ���ģ���о�

鉴于目前我国许多城市中心区制定的路边停车收费费率不尽合理,路边停车泊位周转率低,路边乱停车现象十分严重的实际情况,结合对城市中心区交通运行状况和路边停车实况调查及问卷调查数据的统计分析,在确定城市路边停车收费目的的基础上,考虑停车者对路边停车收费的容忍度函数,建立了以调节道路交通量、调节停车位供求关系及规范停车行为为目的的城市中心区路边停车收费定价模型,设计了用于求解模型的遗传算法,并以苏州市观前地区和无锡市商业区路边停车收费实况为例进行模拟分析,其模拟结果与实际情况相吻合,说明本模型能够有效地计算我国城市中心区路边停车收费的最佳费率。     

宽容设计在包茂国家高速公路怀化至通道段工程设计中的应用

介绍了宽容设计理念的三个层次：主动引导、尽可能降低事故伤害程度、适度防护，并对其在包茂国家高速公路怀化至通道段工程设计中的具体应用进行了介绍，对“安全”理念在项目设计中的具体体现进行说明，可供设计者参考。     

北京市地铁网络拓扑结构复杂性研究

针对北京市地铁实际网络及运营关系，分别构建了SpaceL和SpaceP拓扑结构模型．基于复杂网络理论，应用现有和新的特征统计指标对两种不同的拓扑结构模型复杂性进行了分析．对SpaceL模型的研究显示，其节点度符合指数为4．1的幂律分布，满足无标度特性；其网络平均距离为15．26，连通度为0．36，代表容错性的补图效率为96．7％，说明其具备小世界网络短距离、高容错性的特点，但不同节点的补图效率显示，少量hub节点的故障会对网络造成较大损失，需重点防护．对SpaceP模型的研究显示，其网络度分布同样具有“幂律结尾”的无标度特性，幂指数为4．2；其平均距离为2．68，小于网络规模的对数（5．2），聚类系数达到0．94，具有明显的小世界特征．研究表明无论是实际网络还是运营层面上，地铁线网都具有复杂网络特征，这对进一步研究地铁线网的结构特性具有启示作用．     

Train delay and perceived-wait time: passengers' perspective

Abstract

Waiting time influences the overall perception of service quality. The passenger-perceived waiting time can determine their waiting experience. The concept of waiting time refers to the comparison between the passengers' inherent tolerance of waiting and the possible improvement scenarios. This study investigates the passengers' tolerance of waiting under various scenarios of train delays in order to improve their perceived waiting time. We propose the adoption of a modern psychometric method utilizing the Rasch model to measure a subjective latent construct known as ‘wait tolerance'. The Rasch measurement provides mathematical procedures for transforming scores from an ordinal to an interval scale to observe which scenarios can reduce certain passengers' perceived waiting time in the case of a delay. Empirical results show that ‘uncontrollable circumstances', ‘friendly staff attitudes', and ‘providing appropriate messages of apology' can improve the passenger-perceived waiting time during train delays. Likewise, distinct differences are found in the passengers' tolerance of waiting in terms of various personal characteristics, such as gender, age, and train riding frequency. The findings propose the implementation of strategies for improvement by rail system operators, as well as for regulators to define a reasonable service level in the case of train delays. The reviews show possible future innovative research orientations as well.     

船舶热湿环境人体生理应激反应实验研究

参照船舶环境,在实验室模拟不同的热湿环境,采用近200名在校大学生作为样本进行人体生理应激反应实验研究.结果表明:当人员处于热环境中后,人体的心律、血压、口腔温度均有明显的改变,环境温度、湿度越大,变化越明显,其中湿度的影响较温度影响更大.实验结果为热湿环境评估和人员热湿耐受能力认知提供了依据,为合理控制舰船舱室环境参数提供参考.     

英语阅读教学中的生词处理策略

阅读是语言运用中最频繁的一种活动.影响阅读理解的一个重要因素是词汇量,让学生苦恼的是他们的词汇量小.本文从提高学生的歧义客忍度,改善学生的注意力分配问题和讲授猜词技巧这三方面,帮助学生提高阅读速度和理解能力.     

基于整车模型的车身开口对角变形动态仿真研究

文章利用虚拟试验:(Virtual Proving Ground,简称VPG)提取的路谱载荷,基于整车模型系统研究了车型1(轿车),车型2(跨界SUV),车型3(中大型SUV)三种典型车型在动载荷激励下车身开口对角相对变形情况,并将动态法计算结果与静态工况分析结果进行了对比。研究结果表明:车型1在比利时路面和共振路面工况下车身开口对角变形量相对较大;基于虚拟路面动载荷激励法与车辆实际服役工况更接近,计算的开口对角变形量远大于静态工况的计算结果;模态贡献量分析显示对车型1,2,3后背门处车身开口对角变形影响最大的模态频率分别是14.49Hz,20.48Hz,21.51Hz,模态贡献量分析结果可为进一步结构优化和性能提升提供参考依据。     

制造偏差对三大件转向架动力学性能的影响

在动力学试验中发现同一类型的变阻尼转向架具有不同的动力学性能.通过建立动力学模型,应用统计分析的方法,得出转向架尺寸制造误差导致减振力变化是造成转向架动力学性能存在差异的主要原因,并给出了相应的建议.     

Vehicle stability control using direct virtual sensors

The paper investigates the use of a direct virtual sensor (DVS) to replace a physical sensor in a vehicle stability control system. A yaw control system is considered and the proposed solution can be particularly useful when a fault of the yaw rate physical sensor occurs. A DVS is a stable linear filter derived directly from input–output data, collected in a preliminary experiment. In this work, it is shown that, by using data collected in a closed-loop fashion, better DVS accuracy can be obtained with a reduced number of measured variables. Moreover, the robust stability of the closed-loop system employing a DVS is studied. The effectiveness of the presented results is shown through numerical simulations of harsh manoeuvres, performed using a detailed model of a vehicle equipped with an active front steering device.