花岗岩地层中既有车站内爆破进洞技术

以厦门轨道交通2号线2标东渡路站~建业路站区间为背景,该区间为暗挖隧道,共有四个暗挖工作面,其中某一工作面位于既有车站结构内,左右线隧道洞口与主体结构为零距离,隧道洞身范围为高强度微风化花岗岩地层,且隧道区间两侧重要建(构)筑物较多,有老旧无基础小区紧邻隧道边,本文结合实际情况对硬岩隧道进洞可选工法进行了比选,阐述了液压式岩石分裂施工、静态爆破剂爆破、二氧化碳气爆、悬臂式隧道掘进机、钻爆法等,最终选取了采用钻爆法进洞,并制定了科学合理的爆破方案,深化了爆破设计,对爆破控制、减震措施、爆破设计参数、防护措施等均做了分析和总结,通过监测数据指导施工,在达到爆破效果的同时又不对车站结构造成任何损伤,最终成功实现了花岗岩地层中既有车站内爆破进洞。     

地下水路堑段槽型挡土墙设计若干问题的探讨

对于地下水路堑段槽型挡土墙,铁路设计人员一般采用边墙简化为悬臂梁、底板简化为弹性地基梁的结构计算模型。一个整体结构简化为两个分离的构件,计算模型本身存在一定的缺陷,一些设计者对此不甚了解;在边墙土压力计算理论的选择、边墙外侧活荷载侧压力的计算、抗浮措施的确定、抗浮稳定安全系数的选取、地基压缩模量的选用等方面也存在疑惑。通过多个荷载组合工况的内力及位移计算,结合国内外标准的有关规定,探讨了结构计算模型的合理性以及弥补其缺陷的措施,提出了设计参数选取的优先方向,得出如下结论:在地下水位较高时,弹性地基梁链杆出现负反力是其最大的缺陷;边墙位移小于产生主动土压力所需位移,土压力计算采用静止土压力更为合理,同时可以减小链杆负反力,弥补弹性地基梁模型缺陷;边墙外侧活荷载宜按非主可变荷载单独计算其侧压力,不宜合并入土压力;抗浮优先考虑底板外延方式;抗浮系数在限制结构重要性系数不小于1.0的条件下取1.05;弹性地基梁模型对地基压缩模量取值不敏感。     

高强度热处理钢轨闪光焊接头断裂原因分析

国内一重载铁路服役过程中高强度热处理钢轨闪光焊接头发生断裂。采用体视显微镜、光学显微镜和扫描电镜对断口宏微观形貌、金相组织等进行检验,分析接头断裂原因。结果表明:接头断裂是在循环载荷作用下的疲劳断裂,接头轨底脚严重氧化的黑色区域是裂纹源区;由于顶锻量过大,焊接流线升角达到71.5°,在车轮的循环载荷作用下,接头轨底脚沿流线逐渐开裂氧化,并以此为疲劳源向轨底中心区缓慢疲劳扩展,最后导致接头瞬间脆性断裂。     

考虑车轮谐波磨耗的动车组车轴疲劳寿命

以CRH380BL型高速动车组为研究对象,基于车轮谐波磨耗的实测结果,建立刚性轮轨、刚性轮柔性轨、柔性轮刚性轨以及柔性轮轨4种不同轮轨关系下的车辆-轨道耦合动力学模型,通过对比分析4种模型的轮轨振动特性,得到最能反映真实情况的轮轨耦合动力学模型;基于车轴受力分析,采用有限元软件ANSYS进行车轴静强度计算;采用多体动力学软件计算考虑车轮谐波磨耗的车轴载荷时间历程;根据疲劳累积损伤理论,采用FE-SAFE软件分析考虑车轮谐波磨耗的车轴疲劳寿命。结果表明:柔性轮轨关系更能反映轮轨的真实接触状态;车轴轮座内侧圆弧过渡处的应力最大,为114.4 MPa;考虑车轮谐波磨耗的车轴疲劳寿命约为19.2 a;车轮谐波磨耗导致轮轨振动加剧,对车轴疲劳寿命产生明显不利的影响。     

49500dwt国内近海航区散货船设计研究

近海航区航行的散货船日益大型化,相关的规范和法规也日趋完善。以49500dwt散货船为例,通过规范计算和有限元分析方法,详细分析了设计关键点,为同型散货船的设计提供参考。     

济南市轨道交通规划建设的思考

通过对济南市概况的介绍，引出建设轨道交通的必要性，以济南轨道交通建设规划图为例，提出了济南市轨道交通规划建设的建议与思考，特别提出了泉水保护与轨道交通建设的关系，线路交叉结点的无缝换乘问题及高架线路的隔音降噪问题，可为济南市轨道交通建设提供一定的借鉴。     

Strain estimation for offshore wind turbines with jacket substructures using dual-band modal expansion

Structural fatigue is a design driver for offshore wind turbines (OWT). In particular, the substructures, like jackets, are strongly affected by fatigue. Monitoring the fatigue progression in the welds is vital for the maintenance and a potential lifetime extension. However, inspections of critical locations are costly due to the limited accessibility of the mostly submerged jacket. Considering the high number of potentially critical welds, it is regarded as economically unfeasible to equip all fatigue hot spots with sensors. Thus, an indirect method to monitor the fatigue progress of the structure and point out critical locations is desirable. For a consistent support of ongoing maintenance, it has to yield reliable results for varying operational and environmental conditions. This paper applies a virtual sensing approach to jacket substructures. From a small set of sensors on the tower, fatigue at every desired location of the jacket is estimated using dual-band modal expansion. Simulations using the OC4 jacket design are performed to show potentials and limitations of the method. Namely fatigue progress on leg welds of K-joints is predicted with high accuracy over a wide range of load cases. However, some difficulties in fatigue prediction of X-joints due to the occurrence of local modes and limitations in the extrapolation of wave loading have to be resolved in future work.     

Influence of initial distortion of 3 mm thin superstructure decks on hull girder response for fatigue assessment

This paper investigates the influence of initial distortion of 3 mm thin superstructure decks on hull girder response and fatigue assessment. Part of the traditional superstructure of a prismatic passenger ship is replaced by thin decks with initial distortion amplitude of 0, 1 and 2 times the IACS limit value for thicker plates, i.e. 0, 6 and 12 mm. Both geometrically linear and nonlinear finite element (FE) analysis is used. For reference also traditional superstructure with 5 mm plate thickness is analyzed. Thin straight superstructure decks give 43% of weight reduction and carry approximately 30% less load than corresponding thick straight decks in traditional model. The load that is not carried by thin decks is divided between other traditional decks. The redistribution of forces also happens at the deck level between plates, stiffeners, girders and longitudinal bulkheads. The presence of initial distortion with the shape of one half wave between web frames and stiffeners causes an additional few percent-decrease in forces carried. The results and conclusions are similar for hogging and sagging loading conditions and differences between geometrically linear and nonlinear FE analysis are very small. This means time saving since the panel loading for fatigue assessment can be defined from geometrically linear hull girder response analysis without considering the initial distortions.     

粗骨料掺入对超高性能混凝土性能影响研究综述

用粗骨料替代部分水泥、砂浆等高成本材料是超高性能混凝土领域中的一个重要研究方向。通过梳理与分析近年来国内的相关研究成果,发现当选择玄武岩材质、粒径尺寸在5~10 mm和5~15 mm以及体积掺量在一定范围内的粗骨料时,能够改善超高性能混凝土的抗压强度、弯曲韧性等性能指标。     

钒微合金化中碳钢微观组织及力学性能的对比研究

通过金相分析、SEM(扫描电子显微镜)、TEM(透射电子显微镜)观察和X射线衍射相结合的方法对比分析了添加钒微合金化元素前后中碳钢显微组织和力学性能的变化情况。研究结果表明:钒微合金化中碳钢综合力学性能改善效果显著,细晶强化是其最主要的强韧化方式;在渗碳体片层间的铁素体上分布有大小约为几十到一百纳米左右的析出物,主要为VC(碳化钒)和AlN(氮化铝),渗碳体片层出现了碎化,这也在一定程度上改善了微合金化中碳钢的强韧性。