机械工程师美学素质的提高

简要介绍了美学素质在产品设计中的功用;美学素质在绘制机械图样中的功用;美学素质在语言文字交流中的功能等内容,阐述了美学素质是机械工程师不可缺少的素质,并提出了提高美学素质的迫切性。     

机制砂物理特性对水泥胶砂流变性能的影响及机理

针对机制砂混凝土和易性差、流动经时损失大以及易泌水、离析等问题,通过不同岩性和不同级配区间机制砂对水泥胶砂流变性能的影响及对减水剂的吸附特性分析,研究机制砂岩性、表面吸附性和表面电位等物理特性对水泥胶砂流变性的作用机理.结果 表明:相较于钙质机制砂,硅质机制砂对水泥胶砂流动度的影响更大;机制砂颗粒级配越小,对水泥胶砂流...     

汽车转向梯形故障检测机理研究

通过对汽车转向梯形机构进行合理简化,建立了相应的数学模型,推导出了汽车前轮转向前张角与转向梯形底角之间的变化规律:当汽车外侧车轮转到某一定值时,内侧车轮转角受同侧梯形底角的影响,并且内轮转角变化与同侧梯形底角变化成反比。经试验验证了此结论的正确性,由此使得利用现有的检测设备即可实现对汽车转向梯形工作状态的在线检测。     

进气噪声产生机理分析及其降噪

在正确分析进气噪声产生机理的基础上,采用旁支型赫姆霍兹共振腔有效地使该轿车加速噪声从原来的80dB(A)降至74dB(A),效果显著。     

商用车双转向桥中间杆系优化设计

商用车双转向桥包含两个独立的转向梯形机构,它们之间的运动是通过中间杆系来传递的.在设计双转向桥转向系统时,为了避免转向桥轮胎异常磨损,需要两个转向桥的车轮转角协调变化.提出了一种对现有双转向桥中间杆系优化设计的方法,可协调车辆第一、第二转向桥的转角关系,避免了横向滑移导致的双前桥车轮转向时造成的轮胎异常磨损.     

某氢燃料车型液压助力转向系统匹配设计

随着液压助力转向系统的不断应用与发展,人们对转向系统的要求越来越高。文章结合某氢燃料车型液压助力转向系统的设计,就该系统中的转向器和电动转向泵压力和流量进行匹配设计,对转向器垂臂摆角、转向油管的内径和油罐的容积、转向直拉杆的间隙和强度等进行设计和校核,确保了转向系统的安全性和合理性。     

A bi-level model for GHG emission charge based on a continuous distribution of travelers’ value of time (VOT)

Transportation is an important source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In this paper, we develop a bi-level model for GHG emission charge based on continuous distribution of the value of time (VOT) for travelers. In the bi-level model framework, a policy maker (as the leader) seeks an optimal emission charge scheme, with tolls differentiated across travel modes (e.g., bus, motorcycles, and cars), to achieve a given GHG reduction target by shifting the proportions of travelers taking different modes. In response, travelers (as followers) will adjust their travel modes to minimize their total travel cost. The resulting mode shift, hence the outcome of the emission charge policy, depends on travelers’ VOT distribution. For the solution of the bi-level model, we integrate a differential evolution algorithm for the upper level and the “all or nothing” traffic assignment for the lower level. Numerical results from our analysis suggest important policy implications: (1) in setting the optimal GHG emission charge scheme for the design of transportation GHG emission reduction targets, policy makers need to be equipped with rigorous understanding of travelers’ VOT distribution and the tradeoffs between emission reduction and system efficiency; and (2) the optimal emission charge scheme in a city depends significantly on the average value of travelers’ VOT distribution—the optimal emission charge can be designed and implemented in consistency with rational travel flows. Further sensitivity analysis considering various GHG reduction targets and different VOT distributions indicate that plausible emission toll schemes that encourage travelers to choose greener transportation modes can be explored as an efficient policy instrument for both transportation network performance improvement and GHG reduction.     

基于再生制动的四轮毂电机独立驱动电动汽车差速转向控制研究

以全轮转向的四轮毂电机独立驱动电动汽车为对象,研究利用再生制动进行差速转向控制问题.即利用再生制动方式控制电动汽车各个车轮以不同速度转动,在达到转向目的的同时回收制动能量.在已经设计完成的电动汽车样车基础上,设计了一套电机驱动和基于再生制动的双阀值追踪差速转向控制方案,并通过实车试验验证了该方案的可行性.     

Bayesian statistical data assimilation for ecosystem models using Markov Chain Monte Carlo

This study considers advanced statistical approaches for sequential data assimilation. These are explored in the context of nowcasting and forecasting using nonlinear differential equation based marine ecosystem models assimilating sparse and noisy non-Gaussian multivariate observations. The statistical framework uses a state space model with the goal of estimating the time evolving probability distribution of the ecosystem state. Assimilation of observations relies on stochastic dynamic prediction and Bayesian principles. In this study, a new sequential data assimilation approach is introduced based on Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). The ecosystem state is represented by an ensemble, or sample, from which distributional properties, or summary statistical measures, can be derived. The Metropolis-Hastings based MCMC approach is compared and contrasted with two other sequential data assimilation approaches: sequential importance resampling, and the (approximate) ensemble Kalman filter (including computational comparisons). A simple illustrative application is provided based on a 0-D nonlinear plankton ecosystem model with multivariate non-Gaussian observations of the ecosystem state from a coastal ocean observatory. The MCMC approach is shown to be straightforward to implement and to effectively characterize the non-Gaussian ecosystem state in both nowcast and forecast experiments. Results are reported which illustrate how non-Gaussian information originates, and how it can be used to characterize ecosystem properties.