汽车转向机构的优化设计

本文对由梯形机构和麦弗逊独立悬架构成的汽车转向机构进行优化设计，所用模型是非线性的空间机构运动学模型，具有转向输入角、左转向轮的跳动和右转向轮的跳动三个输入自由度，在优化设计中计入两个权系数，分别考虑不同转向输入带来的误差的影响不同，以及认为转向不足和过度转向的影响也不同。     

Improvements on Analytical Models for IEEE 802.11e EDCF Differential Services

Zhu introduced typical analytical models to simulate the 802. 11e EDCF channel access protocol. But our analysis indicates that there are some inaccurate derivations in his presentation. This paper intends to improve analytical model with some corrections. Furthermore, for the probability of the channel being busy pb in Zhu＇s model, different points and analysis method are proposed. When the network is under saturation condition, the new results about the probabilities of collision and channel busy, transmission probabilities, successful transmission probabilities, throughput and MAC layer latency are presented.     

Bayesian statistical data assimilation for ecosystem models using Markov Chain Monte Carlo

This study considers advanced statistical approaches for sequential data assimilation. These are explored in the context of nowcasting and forecasting using nonlinear differential equation based marine ecosystem models assimilating sparse and noisy non-Gaussian multivariate observations. The statistical framework uses a state space model with the goal of estimating the time evolving probability distribution of the ecosystem state. Assimilation of observations relies on stochastic dynamic prediction and Bayesian principles. In this study, a new sequential data assimilation approach is introduced based on Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). The ecosystem state is represented by an ensemble, or sample, from which distributional properties, or summary statistical measures, can be derived. The Metropolis-Hastings based MCMC approach is compared and contrasted with two other sequential data assimilation approaches: sequential importance resampling, and the (approximate) ensemble Kalman filter (including computational comparisons). A simple illustrative application is provided based on a 0-D nonlinear plankton ecosystem model with multivariate non-Gaussian observations of the ecosystem state from a coastal ocean observatory. The MCMC approach is shown to be straightforward to implement and to effectively characterize the non-Gaussian ecosystem state in both nowcast and forecast experiments. Results are reported which illustrate how non-Gaussian information originates, and how it can be used to characterize ecosystem properties.     

机车牵引状态下曲线通过导向特性研究

考虑车轮与钢轨的运动特性及轮周牵引力,推导出机车在牵引状态下通过曲线时的轮轨蠕滑率计算公式,并对曲线通过时的轮轨横向动态相互作用特性进行仿真计算与分析;同时研究牵引力大小对转向架导向性能的影响,对比分析了机车牵引与惰行状态下的导向性能。理论仿真分析结果表明:牵引力可以改变轮轨纵向蠕滑力的大小和方向,与惰行工况相比,牵引状态下的轮对导向力矩有所减小,轮对的自导向能力减弱,不利于曲线通过;提高牵引力,总轮轨蠕滑率将很快达到饱和状态,牵引力越大,轮轨纵向蠕滑力越大,两侧纵向蠕滑力差值越小,机车轮对自导向能力越差,轮对冲角增大,而轮轨横向蠕滑力越小;当牵引力增加到一定程度时,总轮轨蠕滑率超过极限状态,曲线通过时两侧轮径差太小而出现打滑和空转的现象。     

一种减小转向传动轴角间隙的万向节轴承工艺

转向万向节的精度，特别是加载过程中转向传动轴产生的角间隙直接影响汽车转向系统的灵敏度。根据对转向传动轴的工作要求．将传统的机加工生产的热锻轴承万向节改为用铁皮冲压轴承的万向节．并设置合理的配合尺寸以减小其使转向轴产生的角间隙。试验结果表明，该工艺可提高传动轴转向灵活性。     

铁路隧道基底病害产生机理及整治措施

运用理论分析及模型试验和现场试验的方法,对铁路隧道基底结构的受力状态、病害产生的机理以及病害的整治措施进行研究。研究表明:隧道基底结构在列车静载作用下处于受弯拉的受力状态,在列车运行荷载作用下则会产生挠曲振动,其基底结构会随之产生疲劳破损直至断裂;隧道基底病害的产生和发展是列车动载、地下水、施工质量等多种因素综合作用的结果,各因素之间又有着相互促进,相互恶化的关系。对隧道基底病害的整治要采用改善隧道基底的结构形式和排水设计、减弱列车振动对基底结构及基岩的影响以及保证施工质量等多种措施和手段进行综合治理。     

基于模糊PD控制的电动助力转向系统建模及仿真分析

汽车电动助力转向系统的基本功能是利用电机产生助力力矩帮助转向。与传统的转向系统相比该系统结构简单，灵活性大，能较好地满足汽车转向性能的要求；在操纵舒适性、安全性、节能等方面也充分显示了其优越性。本文对汽车电动助力转向系统的结构及其动力特性分析，建立数学模型，设计了一种自适应模糊PD控制系统。并进行了仿真研究。仿真结果表明，基于模糊PD控制的EPS比传统PD控制具有更好的助力特性和抗干扰能力。     

全电力推进船舶推进控制技术研究

全电力推进船舶是当今国际造船业发展的一个热点,而迄今为止国内尚无此类船舶的推进控制产品,为此设计了一种全电力推进船舶推进控制系统。根据全电力推进船舶的特性,对推进控制、转舵控制进行了深入研究,特别是鉴于电力推进船舶其推进系统的动力是由船舶电网直接供给的,因此重点分析了如何保证在推进负荷突变时船舶电网供电的安全与稳定,并给出了有效的解决方法。此外,系统还进行了模块化设计以提高其可靠性、集成性和可扩展性。     

车辆转向轻便性人-车-路闭环系统计算机仿真研究

对车辆转向轻便性建模仿真中的人-车-路闭环系统建模方法进行了阐述,提出了一种在地面坐标系统中求驾驶员预瞄轨迹误差的数值解法。该方法使用二分法求解直线与双纽线的交点,避免了使用一般解法出现增根且难以取舍以及使用复杂的非线性方程求根函数时计算量大的问题,能够方便地计算出驾驶员预瞄轨迹误差,使最优预瞄驾驶员模型能够适用于航向角大范围变化的转向轻便性试验仿真。     

Finite Differential Method Simulation on Temperature Field in Process of Laser Quenching

IntroductionInfieldoflasertreatment,laserquenchofmetalmaterialsisanimportantcourse.ItisahotspotinresearchoflaserquenchtocalculatetemperaturedistributionandtosimulatethecoursebymeansofcomputerThecalculationandanalogyisnotonlyabasistoca1culateinnerstressdistributionoflaserquenching,butalsoafoundationtooptimizelaserquenchingtechnologyandtocontrolquenchingcourse.Therearemanymethodstocalculatetemperature,suchasfiniteelementmethod(FEM),finitedifferentialmethod(FDM)andsoon.Accordingtodifferentpedi…