实现快速调整某转向前桥转向角

转向前桥在汽车上一个非常重要的功能就是实现汽车转向,而转向角是决定转向前桥性能的一个非常重要的参数,本文解决了在桥总成装配线快速调整某转向前桥转向角问题。     

吸能转向柱临界压缩力的设定

为防止或减少汽车碰撞对驾驶员的伤害,吸能转向柱得到广泛应用。文章通过对安全气囊气体发生器的反作用力和碰撞时方向盘下缘所受撞击力的分析,结合碰撞中不同情况下乘员头部和胸部对转向柱的撞击情况,确定了不同工况对吸能转向柱临界压缩力设定的影响,并最终指出如何结合安全带的选用及安全气囊的匹配情况来设定吸能转向柱的临界压缩力。     

轿车用转向节试验方法

为了减少转向节作为安全件在客户使用过程中发生疲劳及冲击断裂的风险,文章对轿车用转向节设计验证方法进行研究,采用台架疲劳试验和台架冲击试验的方法对某轿车用转向节进行了验讧。通过试验,加强了样件薄弱处的设计并对不合格样件进行了整改。经批量市场考验,通过台架疲劳及冲击验证的转向节在客户使用过程中减少了断裂的风险,提高了产品的质量,具有非常高的使用价值。,     

不均匀沉降作用下连拱隧道衬砌裂缝仿真分析

分析了连拱隧道不均匀沉降产生的原因,介绍了隧道衬砌裂缝仿真模拟基本原理,并针对隧道衬砌处于不均匀沉降情况下衬砌裂缝的形成和发展进行了数值仿真分析,可为连拱隧道设计、施工及维修管理提供参考借鉴。     

Competition and disruption in a dynamic urban supply chain

Rapid changes and complexities in business environments have stressed the importance of interactions between partners and competitors, leading supply chains to become the most important element of contemporary business environments. There is a concomitant need for foresight in describing supply chain performance in all operating environments, including those involving punctuated disruptions. Furthermore, the urban metropolis is now widely recognized to be an environment which is especially vulnerable to supply chain disruptions and for which integrated supply chain decisions can produce very substantial net benefits. Accordingly, this paper presents a dynamic supply chain network model formulated as a differential variational inequality; the model is fashioned to allow consideration of supply chain disruption threats to producers, freight carriers, and retail enterprises. The DVI is solved using a fixed-point algorithm, and a simple numerical example, introduced to illustrate how the impacts of supply chain disruptions may be quantified, is presented.     

Approximate network loading and dual-time-scale dynamic user equilibrium

In this paper we present a dual-time-scale formulation of dynamic user equilibrium (DUE) with demand evolution. Our formulation belongs to the problem class that Pang and Stewart (2008) refer to as differential variational inequalities. It combines the within-day time scale for which route and departure time choices fluctuate in continuous time with the day-to-day time scale for which demand evolves in discrete time steps. Our formulation is consistent with the often told story that drivers adjust their travel demands at the end of every day based on their congestion experience during one or more previous days. We show that analysis of the within-day assignment model is tremendously simplified by expressing dynamic user equilibrium as a differential variational inequality. We also show there is a class of day-to-day demand growth models that allow the dual-time-scale formulation to be decomposed by time-stepping to yield a sequence of continuous time, single-day, dynamic user equilibrium problems. To solve the single-day DUE problems arising during time-stepping, it is necessary to repeatedly solve a dynamic network loading problem. We observe that the network loading phase of DUE computation generally constitutes a differential algebraic equation (DAE) system, and we show that the DAE system for network loading based on the link delay model (LDM) of Friesz et al. (1993) may be approximated by a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). That system of ODEs, as we demonstrate, may be efficiently solved using traditional numerical methods for such problems. To compute an actual dynamic user equilibrium, we introduce a continuous time fixed-point algorithm and prove its convergence for effective path delay operators that allow a limited type of nonmonotone path delay. We show that our DUE algorithm is compatible with network loading based on the LDM and the cell transmission model (CTM) due to Daganzo (1995). We provide a numerical example based on the much studied Sioux Falls network.     

旧路加宽路面结构适用性分析

应用弹性层状体系理论对路面结构在不均匀沉降条件下的附加应力状况进行了计算。计算结果表明,在不均匀沉降位移作用下,降低基层材料模量,有利于路面各层合理受力;半刚性基层容易引起附加应力过大而产生结构性破坏;柔性基层更适合在旧路加宽路面结构中使用。     

丰田卡罗拉轿车转向困难故障分析

本文主要介绍一部2012款卡罗拉电动转向系统(EPS)的构造,工作原理,分析该车出现转向困难,组合仪表上P/S警告灯亮起故障的原因,并提出解决故障的方法。     

对海上突发事件及其应急机制的思考

预防和处置海上突发事件,已成为当前海警部队需要认真研究的重要课题。根据当前海上突发事件的特点,来建设和完善海上突发事件的应急机制,显得尤为迫切。根据海上突发事件所具有的发生的不确定性、种类多频率高、反应的紧迫性、处置的艰难性、一定的涉外性的特点,其应急机制应着重围绕机制的防控体系、训练体系、指挥体系、公关体系和善后体系来综合建设。     

Links between subjective and objective evaluations regarding the steering character of automobiles

This work presents an experiment on the relationships between subjective and objective evaluations of vehicle handling. Ten cars were examined objectively in several open-loop driving dynamics manoeuvres and subjectively by test persons in typical traffic situations. Results are extracted from a stationary test (the Slowly Increasing Steer Test), and a dynamical test (the Frequency Response Test). The subjective measurements are obtained from drivers on a rural road course via a questionnaire, which was developed to separately investigate the quantity level perception, the so-called “Niveau”, and the more qualitative “Liking”. These subjective “measurements” are embedded into a two-channel definition of “Steering Comfort” as a genus for “Steering Discomfort” and “Character”. The article concentrates on developing a statistical method for the consideration of correlations amongst the subjective/objective data. In doing so, the variance in example subjective Niveau ratings can be significantly explained by several objective quantities. Indicators for co-domains of validated discomfort characteristics and hints for endeavouring character Liking ranges are detected.