施工过程中温度变化对CRTSⅡ型板式无砟轨道底座板的影响分析

针对CRTSⅡ型板式无砟轨道施工期间连续底座板张拉过程中底座板存在变化的温度,基于有限元方法及钢筋混凝土粘结滑移理论,建立底座板混凝土-钢筋-桥梁纵向相互作用计算模型,计算分析当施工温度为5℃时,底座板钢筋和混凝土应力随温度变化和张拉过程中的变化规律。结果表明:底座板混凝土和钢筋拉力与混凝土段的长度有着直接联系,随着混凝土段长度增加,底座板混凝土和钢筋所受拉力相应变大;张拉过程中,底座板混凝土可能会在第二次张拉时开裂,而张拉连接器钢筋和齿槽后浇带钢筋未达到屈服。     

降雨入渗对边坡稳定影响的数值模拟研究

根据粉细砂边坡的饱和一非饱和强度与渗流理论,通过数值模拟方法研究降雨入渗对边坡稳定性的影响。数值模拟结果揭示了对边坡变形和破坏的作用机理,表明降雨是诱发滑坡的关键因素之一;粉细砂边坡在无降雨时基本处于稳定状态,连续性降雨使边坡土体的含水量显著增加,坡脚部位饱和区内的基质吸力减小并出现塑性区,随着降雨历时延长,饱和区逐渐扩展至边坡土体中部,塑性区逐渐扩展直至贯通而发生滑坡;在长期低强度降雨条件下边坡较易发生深层滑动,强降雨时边坡更易发生浅层滑动。该研究提出了降雨条件下边坡的稳定性分析供一般的技术思路,可供边坡失稳预警和滑坡防治参考。     

Plan implementation in the Florida keys through land acquisition

Abstract

The Florida Keys are an example of a fragile resource threatened by development. The early division of the area into small lots made conventional planning and regulation difficult. This paper describes the creation of a conservancy for the Keys—the history of development, the conditions necessitating a conservancy, and the political wrangling it took to implement the conservancy.     

回声测深仪计量检定装置的研究

为研究浅水回声测深仪计量检定标准装置,以完成量值传递,文章介绍了2种不同的检定装置,可根据具体环境条件选择水槽比对方式和模拟器方式对回声测深仪进行检定,并对回声测深仪的基本原理、工作流程、2种检定装置的构造、测试结果和优缺点进行了简要的阐述。     

Obsolete Maps and Coastal Management: Case Studies from Northwest Ireland

On dynamic coastal sites, subject to rapid and sometimes unpredictable shoreline changes, management problems can be aggravated if legally authoritative maps are obsolete. These difficulties are illustrated by two case studies from County Donegal in northwest Ireland. The first case study outlines the problems that arise where statutory functional area boundaries are based on a near century-old map. The second case study deals with the problems of planning development on a site where a customized map only a few years old has been rendered obsolete by rapid coastal erosion. Other problems are caused by the inappropriate use of maps. Suggestions are made to mitigate the effects of outdated maps.     

Support for Oregon land‐use planning: A multi‐level analysis

Abstract

This article analyzes support for and opposition to state land‐use planning in Oregon, using voting records from the 1976 referendum to repeal Oregon's regulatory legislation and survey data. Support for controlled growth legislation is found to be a product of both individual‐level characteristics and characteristics of the larger community where one resides. The most influential contextual variables are the county's economy and the class composition of the city. The authors conclude that coastal zone managers must exercise caution when interpreting individual survey data which indicate support for various environmental concerns. Contextual differences must be taken into consideration because sources of support for coastal zone management may vary among individuals, depending on the nature of the communities in which they live.     

The implications of MARPOL Annex V on the management of ports and coastal communities

Abstract

The passage of the Marine Plastics Pollution Research and Control Act of 1987 (MPPRCA), which codified Annex V of the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL), has encompassed every commercial and recreational shipping and boating facility in the United States. As a group, these ports, harbors, and marinas form a significant, although proportionately small, portion of the coastline of the country. More important, the economic benefits derived from the complex shoreside infrastructures required for international ocean trade, commercial and recreational fishing, and pleasure boating indicate just how critical it is for these facilities to be in conformance with effective and prudent coastal zone and environmental management practices.     

强震区板桩结构成层土地震土压力的计算方法

物部-冈部公式广泛应用于地震作用下的土压力计算,但因其适用条件的局限性,不能用于板桩墙后既含砂土又含有黏土的非均质土,且国内外规范对此类成层土的地震土压力计算没有统一的规定。总结国内外规范中成层土地震动土压力计算方法,找出其本质差异,在前人研究基础上引进整体极限平衡方法,结合SLOPE软件,得出强震区板桩结构成层土地震土压力的计算方法,并通过海外强震区港口工程实例验证,为同类工程提供参考。     

裂纹尖端塑性区三维有限元分析

裂纹尖端塑性区的大小与其三维约束状态有关,而三维约束状态不仅与板厚还与外载荷、材料性质有关.因此不论是薄板还是厚板,用平面应力或者平面应变来模拟其状态都有局限性.现阶段对于三维约束状态下的裂纹还没有一个公认的可以准确计算塑性区大小的公式.文章用有限元对小范围屈服下,含Ⅰ型中心穿透裂纹板裂纹尖端的三维塑性区进行了研究,分析了硬化指数、屈服强度以及泊松比对塑性区大小的影响.计算从平面应力逐渐过渡到平面应变,结果与现有理论的预测结果进行比较,进而给出了一个计算裂纹尖端塑性区大小的计算公式.     

隧道断层破碎带的处理技术

结合工程实例，探讨山区公路隧道新奥法施工中地质断层破碎带的处理技术。