船舶永磁同步电机的直接转矩控制研究

介绍了船舶永磁同步电动机(PMSM)的直接转矩控制(DTC)原理和设计方法.为了克服低速时常规DTC系统存在的磁链和转矩脉动较大、难以控制等问题,引入了滑模变结构控制算法.基于MATLAB平台,建立了具有滑模变结构功能的直接转矩控制系统仿真模型,实验结果表明该算法可改善原系统的动、静态性能,对系统参数和外部干扰表现出较...     

混合燃料的含氧量对改善柴油机排放的试验研究

在一台S1100A2型单缸柴油机上,通过在柴油中添加乙醇、甲缩醛(DMM)、碳酸二甲脂(DMC)等3种含氧添加剂,研究了在常用工况下混合燃料的含氧量对柴油机排放特性的影响。试验结果表明,含氧混合燃料可以有效改善柴油机的烟度和CO排放,在大负荷下尤为明显,而对NOx和HC的排放影响较小。     

燃料电池城市客车的道路试验

完整地介绍了燃料电池城市客车道路试验的过程,包括车载数据采集系统的建立以及试验道路的选择;介绍了用特征参数分析试验路谱的方法;并用特征参数分析方法对试验结果进行了分析。道路试验使我们对整车的性能有了一定了解,也为以后的改进提供了方向。     

电控汽油发动机断油控制过程

介绍电控汽油发动机超速断油控制、减速断油控制、清除溢流控制和减转矩断油控制的工作过程和工作原理,以及在使用电控汽油发动机中的注意事项。     

Experimental Investigation of the Influence of Fuel Viscosity on the Spray Characteristics of Diesel Nozzle

This paper presented an investigation of atomization characteristics including the velocity vector field and the mean droplet sizes for different percentages of DMM-diesel blended fuels using a phase doppler anemometry (PDA) analyzer system. Based on the fuel design concept, an oxygenated fuel named dimethoxy methane (DMM), which has lower viscosity, surface tension, and boiling point, was used to blend with diesel. The experiments were carried out under atmospheric conditions on a single-hole type diesel nozzle, liquid conditions comprise a temperature of 298 K under the needle valve opening pressure of 6 MPa. The results show that the sauter mean diameter (SMD) and spray cone angle of blended fuels decrease with the increase of DMM content; the axial mean velocity in the centerline increases with the increase of DMM. However, the spray behavior of blended fuel in which DMM exceeds 75% is virtually identical to that of neat DMM. The measurement also reveals the existence of an "S" shape in the radial mean velocity variations with radial distance.     

无限区域二维势流直接边界元法精度分析

边界元法作为一种重要的数值方法已在许多领域得到广泛应用,但在船舶水动力势流理论数值计算方面,有关直接边界元法的研究并不充分,尤其是在船舶兴波阻力势流理论求解方面,以往的“面元法”通常是基于Hess-Smith法的间接法,这类方法在理论和数值计算上都存在着缺陷。针对船舶水动力势流理论计算,采用直接边界元法,对二维势流无界绕流算例进行系统的数值计算,并根据二维势流问题的计算结果详细探讨边界单元离散形式和单元上的数值积分方法对计算精度的影响,各项数值计算均以Matlab软件编程实现。结果表明,采用常数单元和龙贝格积分法能够得到较准确的结果,且计算速度较快。     

Social and spatial effects of transforming the private vehicle fleet in Brisbane,Australia

Transformation of the motor vehicle fleet has been an important feature of the world’s peak car phenomenon. Very few urban transport studies have explored such important changes in large urban cities. Using an innovative green vehicle datasets constructed for 2009 and 2014, this paper investigates the ongoing change in urban private vehicle fleet efficiency (VFE) in Brisbane. The spatial patterns of VFE change were examined with social-spatial characteristics of the urban area. The results showed that the social and spatial effect of VFE changes remain uneven over urban space. The inner urban areas have experienced higher level of VFE change, whilst people in the outer and oil vulnerable areas showed a low tendency in shifting to more efficient vehicles. The implication of VFE change for future household vehicle adoption was also evaluated based on a cost-benefit analysis of new vehicle technology costs and expected fuel savings for households that choose a fuel efficient vehicle. The results show that imposing a stronger national fuel economy target in the long term would accelerate evolution of vehicle fleets and oil vulnerability reduction in Brisbane.     

Measuring the sustainability of marine fuels: A fuzzy group multi-criteria decision making approach

The use of alternative energy sources instead of HFO has been recognized as a promising way for reducing emissions from shipping and promoting the development of green shipping. However, it is usually difficult for the decision-making to select the best choice among multiple alternative marine fuels. In order to address this, a complete criteria system for sustainability assessment of alternative marine fuels was firstly established, and a fuzzy group multi-criteria decision making method has been developed to rank the alternative marine fuels by combining fuzzy logarithmic least squares and fuzzy TOPSIS (Technique for Order Performance by Similarity to Ideal Solution). Fuzzy logarithmic least squares method has been employed to determine the weights of the criteria for sustainability assessment, and fuzzy TOPSIS was employed to determine the sustainability order of the alternatives. An illustrative case with three alternative marine fuels including methanol, LNG and hydrogen has been studied by the proposed method, and hydrogen has been recognized as the most sustainable scenario, follows by LNG, and methanol in the descending order. The results show that the proposed method is feasible for prioritizing the alternative marine fuels; it also has the ability to help the decision-makers to select the most sustainable option among multiple marine fuels.     

Adapting the shipping sector to stricter emissions regulations: Fuel switching or installing a scrubber?

This paper examines how the existing fleet in the shipping industry can be adapted to the new emission regulations through the two main techniques that currently exist: (a) the use of low-sulphur marine diesels; and (b) the installation of scrubbers. A method is presented here for drawing up an economic assessment of both these techniques under uncertainty. It enables the best option to be selected at any given time taking into account fuel prices (spot and futures), scrubber installation costs, the time that the vessel operates in an Emission Control Area (ECA) and the remaining useful lifetime of the vessel. The paper also considers the possibility of an unexpected change from a non-ECA navigation area to an ECA. The assessment is carried out in a manner consistent with marine diesel and crude oil spot and futures market quotes. Our results show the net present value of investing in the installation of scrubbers and investing in changing fuel types for different assumptions on how vessels are operated. We also analyse increases in fuel consumption and CO₂ emissions as a consequence of using scrubbers and how they affects the financial analysis if such incremental emissions must be paid under a CO₂ pricing mechanism.     

Development a new power management strategy for power split hybrid electric vehicles

Reduction of greenhouse gas emission and fuel consumption as one of the main goals of automotive industry leading to the development hybrid vehicles. The objective of this paper is to investigate the energy management system and control strategies effect on fuel consumption, air pollution and performance of hybrid vehicles in various driving cycles. In order to simulate the hybrid vehicle, the combined feedback–feedforward architecture of the power-split hybrid electric vehicle based on Toyota Prius configuration is modeled, together with necessary dynamic features of subsystem or components in ADVISOR. Multi input fuzzy logic controller developed for energy management controller to improve the fuel economy of a power-split hybrid electric vehicle with contrast to conventional Toyota Prius Hybrid rule-based controller. Then, effects of battery’s initial state of charge, driving cycles and road grade investigated on hybrid vehicle performance to evaluate fuel consumption and pollution emissions. The simulation results represent the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed control strategy. Also, results indicate that proposed controller is reduced fuel consumption in real and modal driving cycles about 21% and 6% respectively.