EGR率对燃用生物柴油的重型柴油机排放特性影响

研究了EGR率对燃用生物柴油的重型柴油机排放特性影响,并用气相色谱-质谱仪分析了燃用柴油和生物柴油时的SOF成份的差异。研究结果表明:燃用生物柴油结合EGR技术可以同时大幅度降低PM和NOx排放,未出现一般柴油机中NOx和PM之间此消彼长的关系;生物柴油同柴油的SOF组分无本质区别,主要成分均为烷烃,但生物柴油SOF中的酯类物质多一些。为进一步降低碳烟,在生物柴油的基础上配制了一种含氧混合燃料,结合采用EGR技术,在不使用排气后处理装置的情况下达到了我国重型柴油车第Ⅳ阶段排放法规的要求。     

Experimental investigation and comparison of nanoparticle emission characteristics in light-duty vehicles for two different fuels

In recent years, particle number emissions rather than particulate mass emissions in automotive engines have become the subject with controversial discussions. Recent results from studies of health effects imply that it is possible that particulate mass does not properly correlate with the variety of health effects attributed to engine exhaust. The concern is now focusing on nano-sized particles emitted from I. C. engines. In this study, particulate mass and particle number concentration emitted from light-duty vehicles were investigated for a better understanding of the characteristics of the engine PM from different types of fuels, such as gasoline and diesel fuel. Engine nano-particle mass and size distributions of four test vehicles were measured by a condensation particle counter system, which is recommended by the particle measurement program in Europe (PMP), at the end of a dilution tunnel along a NEDC test mode on a chassis dynamometer. We found that particle number concentrations of diesel passenger vehicles with DPF system are lower than gasoline passenger vehicles, but PM mass has some similar values. However, in diesel vehicles with DPF system, PM mass and particle number concentrations were greatly influenced by PM regeneration. Particle emissions in light-duty vehicles emitted about 90% at the ECE15 cycle in NEDC test mode, regardless of vehicle fuel type. Particle emissions at the early cold condition of engine were highly emitted in the test mode.     

汽车的环境污染与净化措施

本文分析了汽车的环境污染特点及状况,阐述了汽车排放的成分与途径,以及对大气环境和人体健康带来的危害,提出了对汽车有害气体的净化措施和控制手段。     

一例船用柴油机气门烧蚀故障的分析与处理

介绍B&W-6 L90 GBE船用柴油机排气门烧蚀的现象和故障排查过程,分析认为,装配的喷油泵柱塞偶件尺寸错误是造成气门烧蚀事故的根本原因,应加强对备件的管理和使用。     

简析试航燃油消耗率的计算和影响因素

分析影响商船试航期间主机燃油消耗率的因素,探讨在船舶空载和特定工况条件下,主机测量的燃油油耗率偏高的原因及改进方法。     

短波法油中水分测量仪的应用

针对船用使用环境条件的特点,对短波法油中水分测量仪在船舶燃油系统使用情况进行了应用研究,试验研究了零点漂移、介质温度、压力、盐度、流速、杂质、含气量、油水混合均匀性、电磁场、振动干扰因素对油中水分测量仪的实际测量精度的影响,并分析了产生相关影响的原因,为其船用适应性设计提供了参考依据。     

柴油机喷油泵泵腔油压波形的测定和分析

本文通过测定柱塞根部的纵向应变,求得泵腔油压波形,并对其时域和频域特性进行了详细分析。建议采用最高油压、前期压力上升率和泵油持续角等参数来表征泵腔油压波形的基本特性。指出国产Ⅱ号泵的油压波形在大供油量时呈半正弦脉冲波特性,在小供油量时呈三角形脉冲波特性。     

汽车动力性和经济性模拟计算

通过建立数学模型,设计了汽车动力性、经济性模拟计算软件,利用该软件进行了实际车型的模拟计算,所得结果与实际值相吻合。应用该软件进行了变参数计算,并分析了影响汽车动力性、经济性的主要因素,从而为汽车产品设计提供参考依据。     

灌注桩的后注浆施工法

介绍了灌注桩后注浆施工法及其特点,适用范围和工艺原理,分析了后注浆对桩承载力的作用.通过灌注桩的施工工程实例,重点论述了灌注桩的后注浆的施工应用和灌注桩事故处理方法.     

滨海核电大件码头用于乏燃料运输的改造内容

海运在内的多模式联运体系是未来乏燃料外运的发展方向。我国滨海核电厂在初期就规划、设计和建设了用于运输核电厂大件设备的码头,多模式联运体系可利用核电码头转运乏燃料。为满足乏燃料转运需要,经调研和分析,结合船舶靠离泊等条件进行综合评价,梳理出核电码头的改造内容。结果表明,各核电业主应聚焦核材料实物保护、船舶靠离泊条件、货包接卸工艺等方面,围绕码头平面尺度及结构、作业工艺、辅助生产设施和管理体系等内容开展核电大件码头的改造工作,以确保未来乏燃料能够及时外运。