微型桩-香根草协同护坡试验与计算研究

单一的香根草护坡或微型桩护坡在边坡加固与防护工程中均得到了广泛应用，但针对两者协同护坡的研究和相关工程应用相对较少。边坡安全系数作为评判边坡稳定性的重要依据之一，其计算分析结果的准确程度高，可提升滑坡灾害的预测水平，从而降低损失。通过室外大比例尺模型试验，采用坡顶分级堆载对植被与微型桩协同护坡的效果进行试验，并对采用多种理论与数值方法求得的边坡安全系数进行了比较，分析了香根草及微型桩对边坡安全系数的影响。试验与计算结果表明：采用三维有限元分析得到的安全系数略高于二维有限元分析；相比于素土边坡，微型桩-香根草协同护坡能极大地提高边坡安全系数，有效提高坡体稳定性，而且能够提高边坡承受荷载能力，研究结果可为生态防护与工程加固措施协同护坡工程设计提供理论依据。     

贵阳机场岩溶洼地填筑体变形与稳定性数值模拟

以贵阳龙洞堡国际机场试验段工程为例对岩溶洼地填筑体变形及稳定性进行数值模拟研究。研究结果表明:强夯对岩溶洼地地基土处理具有较好的效果，能有效降低填筑体的沉降量及边坡位移量；填筑体沉降量随着填筑体厚度减小而减小。     

细水雾与排烟系统共同作用下地铁车站火灾烟气蔓延规律

为研究岛式地铁车站内列车发生火灾时，站台细水雾与排烟系统对烟气蔓延的控制效果，依托西安地铁4号线岛式地铁车站，采用FDS软件建立1：1的数值仿真模型，选择大涡模拟，研究站内列车火灾规模为5 MW时，站台细水雾与排烟系统共同作用下，火灾烟气蔓延速度、能见度与温度场的分布特征，分析了细水雾与排烟系统对烟气蔓延特性的影响规律；并通过缩尺模型试验，验证了数值模拟方法研究细水雾控制地铁火灾烟气蔓延的可靠性。研究结果表明：车门间隔开启时，烟气先向列车两侧蔓延，150 s时扩散至整个车厢并向站台层蔓延，当开启站台细水雾时，烟气温度明显下降，且随着细水雾粒径的减小与流量的增大，烟层降温效果增强；当水雾粒径为100 μm，流量为8 L·min^-1时，距离站台中线3 m处断面平均温度为36.19℃，较未开启细水雾时温升降幅可达62.91%；同时细水雾使得烟层蔓延速度减小，在开启细水雾系统后200 s内2^#楼梯口平均空气质量流速下降39.72%；当开启排烟系统时，可使列车内温度场纵向分布最大值向火源下游移动，加快站台层及列车内对流换热效率，使细水雾的气相冷却作用得到加强，二者同时作用时降温阻烟效果最佳。     

3D brush model to predict longitudinal tyre characteristics

A 3D tyre brush model, which aims to predict the longitudinal tyre characteristic under steady-state conditions by modelling the occurring physical effects in the tyre–road contact patch, is presented. The model includes an analytical method to describe the tyre footprint geometry, the pressure distribution, the slip due to the lateral tyre contour, the slip due to braking or traction and the longitudinal as well as the lateral shear stresses on a flattened tyre. The presented development tool offers a method to investigate different rubber friction data (caused by different tread compounds and/or surface textures) and to analyse its influence on longitudinal tyre characteristics. The tyre design is fixed (same casing, dimension and pattern). The results include the shear stresses as well as the different sliding velocities in the contact patch for different slip conditions. The model was developed for a standard summer pattern design and a standard tyre dimension (205/55R16). It can also be adapted to other tread designs and tyre dimensions. To offer a good comparability between model results and test bench measurements, the surface curvature of an internal test rig is considered.     

基于感知能力的微观交通流动力学建模与仿真

基于驾驶员驾驶行为感知能力，提出了一种新的微观交通流动力学模型. 通过理论分析和数值模拟，对新模型的性能进行了详细的研究分析. 通过理论分析，基于线性稳定性理论，得到了新模型的稳定性条件. 通过数值模拟，深入分析了各参数对密度波和迟滞环的影响，进而对交通流稳定性的影响. 仿真算例结果表明：驾驶员感知能力对交通流稳定性有显著影响，车头距离变化信息可有效增强交通流的稳定性，对stop-and-go 交通拥堵有显著抑制作用，但不可避免的感知缓冲时间会破坏交通稳定性，进而产生严重的stop-and-go 交通拥堵；密度波和迟滞环的数值仿真结果与理论分析结果吻合得很好，验证了理论分析结果.     

反潜巡逻机空投鱼雷发现概率仿真研究(英文)

由于反潜巡逻机具有速度快、范围大、效率高、能力强等特点,从而使得反潜巡逻机投放的空投鱼雷成为现代反潜力量的最重要的组成部分.为了提高作战效能,有必要对反潜巡逻机投放空投鱼雷发现概率进行深入的研究,该文分析研究了反潜巡逻机投放空投鱼雷的作战使用方式,并建立了仿真数学模型,对其三种攻击方式下的发现概率进行了计算分析,对向潜艇人概位置点攻击方法造成的发现概率偏低的问题提出了改进措施,可为反潜巡逻机空投鱼雷作战使用提供重要的参考依据.     

紧急疏散情况下地铁车站动态瓶颈识别

随着城市轨道交通系统逐渐成网,地铁车站日渐拥挤,为了制定科学有效的紧急疏散方案,有必要预先找到车站瓶颈点。基于时间可靠度函数模拟乘客在紧急情况下路径选择行为,在此基础上引入M//G/C/C排队模型对车站排队系统各个服务台进行排队性能指标计算,找出潜在瓶颈点。以广州地铁3号线岗顶站为例,结合车站硬件设施尺寸数量,模拟计算最恶劣情况下乘客疏散过程,找到3处潜在瓶颈点,测算结果与实际观测情况相符合,验证了该方法的有效性。     

An exploratory investigation of the impact of ramp metering on driver acceleration behavior

Ramp metering has been proven as an effective freeway management strategy; however, the impact of ramp metering on drivers' acceleration behavior has not been fully investigated. A better understanding of acceleration behavior changes with ramp metering is critical to the adequate design of ramp metering facilities. In this study, drivers' speed and acceleration data were collected at two representative metered ramps in Los Angeles, California. The speed and acceleration profiles under meter-on and meter-off scenarios were compared. Statistical results demonstrated that ramp metering affects drivers' acceleration behavior at ramp acceleration lane. It was found that at the metered ramp with short existing acceleration length, the average acceleration rate from ramp meter stop bar to 500 ft downstream under meter-on scenario (4.72 ft./s²) is approximately 40% higher than when meter-off (3.18 ft./s²). The design of acceleration lane length for metered on-ramps should therefore take into account the potential impacts of ramp metering on driver acceleration behavior.     

Integrated coastal water monitoring

Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are important took for environmental monitoring and management. However, their limitations in dealing with complex, dynamic, and mission‐critical situations call for alternative approaches. Integrating GIS with dynamic simulation models offers one such solution. Numerical models that simulate physical, chemical, and biological processes greatly increase our understanding of the environment. Many of these models use refined forecast information to accurately predict processes that help in monitoring and managing the environment. Integrating these models with GIS offers new functionalities. The present research couples the MIKE21 comprehensive modeling system for two‐dimensional free surface flows with the spatial analysis strengths of the ArcView GIS. The southern coastal water system of Singapore serves as the study area. The aim is to develop a comprehensive software system that provides support for both environmental managers and land‐use planners in making their decisions.