Virtual test rig to improve the design and optimisation process of the vehicle steering and suspension systems

A virtual test rig is presented using a three-dimensional model of the elasto-kinematic behaviour of a vehicle. A general approach is put forward to determine the three-dimensional position of the body and the main parameters which influence the handling of the vehicle. For the design process, the variable input data are the longitudinal and lateral acceleration and the curve radius, which are defined by the user as a design goal. For the optimisation process, once the vehicle has been built, the variable input data are the travel of the four struts and the steering wheel angle, which is obtained through monitoring the vehicle. The virtual test rig has been applied to a standard vehicle and the validity of the results has been proven.     

Total dynamic response of a PSS vehicle negotiating asymmetric road excitations

A planar suspension system (PSS) is a novel automobile suspension system in which an individual spring–damper strut is implemented in both the vertical and longitudinal directions, respectively. The wheels in a vehicle with such a suspension system can move back and forth relative to the chassis. When a PSS vehicle experiences asymmetric road excitations, the relative longitudinal motion of wheels with respect to the chassis in two sides of the same axle are not identical, and thus the two wheels at one axle will not be aligned in the same axis. The total dynamic responses, including those of the bounce, pitch and the roll of the PSS vehicle, to the asymmetric road excitation may exhibit different characteristics from those of a conventional vehicle. This paper presents an investigation into the comprehensive dynamic behaviour of a vehicle with the PSS, in such a road condition, on both the straight and curved roads. The study was carried out using an 18 DOF full-car model incorporating a radial-spring tyre–ground contact model and a 2D tyre–ground dynamic friction model. Results demonstrate that the total dynamic behaviour of a PSS vehicle is generally comparable with that of the conventional vehicle, while PSS exhibits significant improvement in absorbing the impact forces along the longitudinal direction when compared to the conventional suspension system. The PSS vehicle is found to be more stable than the conventional vehicle in terms of the directional performance against the disturbance of the road potholes on a straight line manoeuvre, while exhibiting a very similar handling performance on a curved line.     

An investigation into the effect of suspension configurations on the performance of tracked vehicles traversing bump terrains

This is a theoretical investigation into the effect of various suspension configurations on a tracked vehicle performance over bump terrains. The model developed is validated using published experimental data of the modal characteristics of the vehicle. The desired performance is based on ride comfort via the mixed objective function (MOF), which combines the crest factor of bounce acceleration, bounce displacement, angular acceleration, and pitch angle. The optimisation process involves evaluating the MOF for different numbers and locations of dampers and under different rigid bump road conditions and speeds. The system responses of the selected suspension configurations in the time and frequency domains are compared against the undamped suspension. The results show that the suspension configurations have a significant effect on the vehicle mobility over bump road profiles. For a five-road–wheel half model of a tracked vehicle, the maximum number of dampers to use for ride comfort over these road bumps is three with the dampers located at wheel positions 1, 2 and 5. This confirms the current practice for many tracked vehicles with 10 road wheels. However, it is further shown that the suspension fitted with two dampers at the extreme road wheels offer the best performance over various rigid bump terrains.     

新颖自锚式悬索桥设计与转体施工

新颖自锚式悬索桥的主缆采用钢管混凝土索套的半刚性索;加劲梁采用预应力混凝土箱梁,主缆作为预应力体外索,在跨中正弯矩区段穿入箱梁内,托起箱梁并起主缆中央扣的作用,形成梁索组合结构。桥梁的恒载由主缆承担,预应力混凝土箱梁承担主缆索力的水平分力,箱梁用于减少自锚式悬索桥的活载作用下的挠度,并承担压力与弯矩。这类桥梁建筑高度约为l/40～l/50,它适用于跨径100m左右的二跨或三跨连续梁桥。施工方法过去一般采取满堂支架现浇,因此限制了本桥型的适用范围。在上海松江施贤路油墩港桥,将偏心转体施工方法首次应用于自锚式悬索桥,并利用盆式支座为转体的磨心及滑道,缩小了主桥跨径及省略钢筋混凝土磨心的精工细作,施工工艺简便易行,使上述桥型可适用于不同场合。     

马鞍山长江公路大桥钢吊箱兼作钻孔平台设计

马鞍山长江公路大桥主桥为2×1 080 m三塔悬索桥,该桥中塔承台采用钢吊箱围堰法施工。考虑钢吊箱围堰需满足护筒插打导向、钻孔依托平台、承台施工围水结构及渡汛4个功能,将钢吊箱围堰结构设计为底板、壁板、内支撑桁架及定位系缆装置四大体系。设计计算下水、浮运、锚碇定位、转化为钻孔施工、渡洪、封底浇筑、吊箱抽水及承台施工8项内容,各项计算结果均满足规范要求。     

An Original Feedback Control with a Reversible Electromechanical Actuator Used as an Active Isolation System for a Seat Suspension. Part I: Theoretical Study

This paper provides an overview of a theoretical study of an active seat suspension. The principal objective of this study is to improve ride passenger comfort by reducing transmitted seat acceleration. The seat is represented by a non-linear two degree of freedom model. The system is linearized for small perturbations around the equilibrium. To control the dynamic of the seat suspension, an original feedback control command with a reversible electromechanical actuator is achieved. The synthesis of the regulator is realized on the linearized model of the seat suspension and the root locus method is employed. Stability and robustness characteristics have been studied. Numerical simulations in time and frequency domain show the interests of the regulator and its capability to isolate seat passenger.     

钢吊箱整体起吊时力学性能分析

钢吊箱整体起吊是钢吊箱施工中的一个重要阶段,为了确保其安全性,需对钢吊箱在整体吊装阶段的力学性能进行全面分析。首先分析了钢吊箱在整体吊装阶段需要考虑的计算工况,然后通过建立有限元模型,对两种不同形状钢吊箱整体起吊时的力学性能进行了全面分析,结果表明:钢吊箱结构整体构造合理,但局部应力集中较严重,椭圆形钢吊箱可以不设钢管支撑和支撑桁架,对于风和水流的阻力系数小,因此,宜优先采用椭圆形钢吊箱。     

基于GPS的润扬大桥悬索桥位移监测与分析

介绍润扬大桥结构健康监测系统中的GPS子系统,对系统采集的大量数据进行了分析,研究了悬索桥在台风、温度、特殊车辆荷载作用下位移变化情况。研究结果表明:台风作用下桥面横向和竖向位移以跨中最大;温度对竖向以及顺桥向的位移有较大影响;正常运营状态下以及重车过桥时,桥面变形远小于设计荷载作用下的变形,结构具有较大的安全储备。     

非对称悬索桥主缆线形计算流程及程序开发

探讨非对称悬索桥缆索线形分析的方法.设计程序化流程图,通过MATLAB软件将悬索桥成桥状态和空缆状态主缆线形程序化,并用普立悬索桥作为算例进行程序正确性验证.计算表明,该方法具有使用方便、计算速度快、精度高等优点,可在设计及施工中应用.     

纯电动汽车前悬架设计与仿真分析

为缩短纯电动车前悬架设计的开发时间与减少开发成本,文章利用汽车设计理论对前悬架系统中悬架主要总成件进行设计,利用Adams软件对已设计的前悬架系统进行建模和动力学仿真,分析悬架性能是否符合要求。设计出悬架系统并装车试验,性能良好。,该方法可以减少样品试制的时间与成本。