Will a driving restriction policy reduce car trips?—The case study of Beijing,China

A driving restriction policy, as one of the control-and-command rationing measures, is a politically acceptable policy tool to address traffic congestion and air pollution in some countries and cities in the world. Beijing is the first city in China to implement this policy. A one-day-a-week driving restriction scheme was expected to take 20% of cars off the road every week day. Using household survey and travel diary data, we analyze the short-term effect of this driving restriction policy on individual travel mode choice. The data also allow us to identify which demographic groups are more likely to break the restriction rule. The estimates reveal that the restriction policy in Beijing does not have significant influence on individuals’ decisions to drive, as compared with the policy’s influence on public transit. The rule-breaking behavior is constant and pervasive. We found that 47.8% of the regulated car owners didn’t follow the restriction rules, and drove “illegally” to their destination places. On average, car owners who traveled during peak hours and/or for work trips, and whose destinations were farther away from the city center or subway stations, were more likely to break the driving restriction rules. Therefore, Beijing is probably in need of more comprehensive and palatable policy instruments (e.g., a combination of congestion tolls, parking fees, fuel taxes, and high-speed transit facilities) to effectively alleviate traffic congestion and air pollution.     

A3T材质车轴产品试制工艺研究及性能分析

A3T是BS 5892-1标准中一种调质车轴材质,文中研究了基于A3T材质的车轴产品的试制工艺,通过控制化学成分、电弧炉熔炼、炉外精炼、真空脱气处理、保护浇铸及轧制成型、车轴经快锻机锻造以及悬挂式电加热炉热处理等过程工艺,制定出了合理的工艺参数,生产的车轴综合性能良好,其力学性能达到了BS 5892-1标准要求,该产品填补了国内空白。     

长大公路隧道通风竖井施工方案

本文主要介绍了宝鼎2号隧道竖井施工过程中的具体流程,叙述了短段掘砌混合作业法配合单层模筑混凝土工法的具体流程和中隔墙的施工方法大直径竖井在建设过程中多采用正井法,正井法中短段掘砌作业配合单层模筑混凝土施工速度大大加快,月成井可以达到60m以上,采用以伞钻钻孔,抓斗抓岩及液压伸缩金属模板互相配合施工,可以简化施工流程,工艺简单。     

深埋软岩盾构斜井支护结构受力特性及关键设计研究

针对长距离斜井埋深变化大、软岩大变形、高地应力等工程特点,开展了管片结构横向受力特性及支护结构关键设计研究。研究表明:(1)管片压力与围岩收敛位移成反比;管片弯矩内侧比外侧较大;管片轴力外侧较内侧大,随水压力增加,内外侧轴力也相应增加,且增长速率逐渐变大。(2)综合多种管片结构计算方法,进行全段的配筋设计,提出"等厚不等强"的管片结构设计。(3)设计了盾构施工煤矿斜井新型组合式管片支护结构,其支护核心是以加长锚索主动控制为前提、壁后填充层让压柔性支护为重点、等厚不等强的管片结构受力为根本。     

动车组运用维修间隔优化方法的研究

介绍现阶段航空、轨道交通领域维修间隔研究的主要方法,结合动车组维修的特点,以动车组运用维修时间间隔为优化目标,针对现行"计划预防修"体制下的"过剩维修"和"维修不足"并存的现象,基于动车组运用修故障数据,采用生存分析与可靠性理论来确定部件合理的维修间隔。关键步骤主要涵盖部件可靠度曲线的威布尔分布的拟合、利用最大似然法对两参数威布尔分布的参数进行估计以及对拟合出的可靠度函数利用条件概率确定维修间隔。并以CRH380B(L)型动车组轮对空心车轴为例,对文中介绍的方法进行验证。结果表明:对于状态不会因维修活动改变的动车组部件,其维修间隔可根据部件的可靠性确定,基于故障数据的理论计算结果与动车组维修实际吻合度较高,可为动车组维修项目周期的优化提供参考。     

抱轴承箱材料的二次淬火

对机车抱轴承箱材料ZG2 5Mn进行了正火、调质、二次淬火的热处理工艺试验 ,比较分析了不同工艺的金相组织和机械性能 ,阐述了二次淬火的强韧化机理 ,认为二次淬火可以改善组织 ,提高强度与韧性。采用了二次淬火的强韧化工艺后 ,提高了抱轴承箱的综合性能 ,达到了法国 8K机车抱轴承箱的同等水平     

船舶轴带发电机系统的建模与仿真

以1700TEU的某集装箱船为母型，研究了远洋船舶轴带发电机系统的工作原理并对其进行数学建模及仿真，所建立的数学模型可以仿真轴带发电机系统的正常工作过程及过渡过程的工况，达到了较高的稳态和动态仿真精度。     

机车重量、轴重和轮重的计算探讨

分析机车重量、轴重和轮重计算的目的,给出了轴重和轮重计算的力学模型,并介绍了目前计算中采用的标准和考察的项点。