我国重型汽车车桥历史、现状及发展趋势

简要介绍我国重型汽车车桥的发展历史和现状,主要制造商及其产品,技术发展水平,对比国外先进车桥技术,分析和总结我国重型汽车车桥的发展趋势及发展对策。     

基于CATIA的汽车前梁校核

本文介绍了CATIA的有限元分析功能在汽车前梁校核中的应用，避免了接口传递产生模型改变的问题，结果表明CATIA的有限元分析功能具有直观精确、应用简单等优点。     

地铁车站主体双层暗挖段进洞施工技术

根据黄庄车站实际施工状况,针对施工中遇到的风险点及重难点,对从盖挖竖井向大断面暗挖车站开口施工进行了详细介绍。     

Development of a new time domain-based algorithm for train detection and axle counting

This paper presents an innovative train detection algorithm, able to perform the train localisation and, at the same time, to estimate its speed, the crossing times on a fixed point of the track and the axle number. The proposed solution uses the same approach to evaluate all these quantities, starting from the knowledge of generic track inputs directly measured on the track (for example, the vertical forces on the sleepers, the rail deformation and the rail stress). More particularly, all the inputs are processed through cross-correlation operations to extract the required information in terms of speed, crossing time instants and axle counter. This approach has the advantage to be simple and less invasive than the standard ones (it requires less equipment) and represents a more reliable and robust solution against numerical noise because it exploits the whole shape of the input signal and not only the peak values. A suitable and accurate multibody model of railway vehicle and flexible track has also been developed by the authors to test the algorithm when experimental data are not available and in general, under any operating conditions (fundamental to verify the algorithm accuracy and robustness). The railway vehicle chosen as benchmark is the Manchester Wagon, modelled in the Adams VI-Rail environment. The physical model of the flexible track has been implemented in the Matlab and Comsol Multiphysics environments. A simulation campaign has been performed to verify the performance and the robustness of the proposed algorithm, and the results are quite promising. The research has been carried out in cooperation with Ansaldo STS and ECM Spa.     

压缩空气动力汽车的基本原理及可行性分析

压缩空气动力汽车又称气动汽车,是一种“零排放”的新能源汽车。文章对气动汽车的优点和气动汽车的基本结构及工作原理进行介绍,然后利用数值分析的方法对气动汽车续驶里程进行分析,从而验证了其可行性。     

基于复杂网络的列车辅助驾驶危险致因传播模型

为了解预期功能安全(SOTIF)相关危险致因在基于智能感知的列车辅助驾驶系统 (IATDAS)中的传播特性，提升针对该类系统的危险控制能力，本文提出基于复杂网络的IATDAS 系统危险致因传播模型。该模型在SOTIF危险致因网络的基础上，提供了全局容量-负载传播机制，能有效刻画IATDAS系统的危险致因传播机制。案例分析结果表明：本文所提模型能够解决复杂致因关系下既有模型与系统实际情况不符的问题，如对于具有较长后续传播路径的致因，本文模型能够刻画其较难导致危险的实际特征；依据本文模型实施传播控制，可以显著降低危险致因的传播速度，如对影响节点范围大、前期影响节点数量增加快的危险因素进行控制时，可使其平均传播速度降低68%，比随机控制策略多降58%。该模型可以为IATDAS系统的SOTIF相关危险控制提供决策基础。     

Driving cycles that reproduce driving patterns,energy consumptions and tailpipe emissions

This study presents the Energy Based Micro-trip (EBMT) method, which is a new method to construct driving cycles that represent local driving patterns and reproduce the real energy consumption and tailpipe emissions from vehicles in a given region. It uses data of specific energy consumption, speed, and percentage of idling time as criteria of acceptable representativeness. To study the performance of the EBMT, we used a database of speed, fuel consumption, and tailpipe emissions (CO₂, CO, and NO_x), which was obtained monitoring at 1 Hz, the operation of 15 heavy-duty vehicles when they operated within different traffic conditions, during eight months. The speed vs. time data contained in this database defined the local driving pattern, which was described by 19 characteristic parameters (CPs). Using this database, we ran the EBMT and described the resulting driving cycle by 19 characteristics parameters (CPs*). The relative differences between CPs and CPs* quantified how close the obtained driving cycle represented the driving pattern. To observe tendencies of our results, we repeated the process 1000 times and reported the average relative difference (ARD) and the interquartile range (IQR) of those differences for each CP.. We repeated the process for the case of a traditional Micro-trip method and compared to previous results. The driving cycles constructed by the EBMT method showed the lowest values of ARDs and IQRs, meaning that it produces driving cycles with the highest representativeness of the driving patterns, and the best reproduction of energy consumption, and tailpipe emissions.     

高原铁路某隧道斜井工区施工通风方式研究

高原铁路某隧道斜井工区在通风方式选择上一直存在隔板式通风和风管式通风的争论。为给该斜井工区施工通风方式的选择提供参考，首先，采用通风网络计算的方法，对2种方式的通风系统进行分析计算。然后，根据计算结果和耗能的对比分析，得出如下结论： 1）隔板式通风和风管式通风均能使作业面的风速满足设计要求。2）当斜井中2根风管直径为2.2 m时，在风机配置相同的情况下，无论是第2阶段还是第3阶段，隔板式通风在耗能方面明显优于风管式通风。3）当斜井中2根风管的直径略大于2.5 m时，风管式通风的耗能与隔板式通风的耗能相当； 继续增大斜井风管的直径，其耗能将小于隔板式通风。最后，对类似单斜井双正洞模式的施工通风方式选择提出建议。     

重载交通对公路路面使用寿命的影响

目前,车辆超载超限运输现象相当普遍,对公路的破坏相当严重,主要表现为大大降低了道路的服务水平、缩短了道路的使用寿命。从标准轴载的当量作用次数入手,通过对公路车辆超载问题的研究,可知超载是引起路面使用寿命缩短的主要原因。     

装配式竖井预制混凝土管片结构设计

为提高竖井建设的效率和安全性，采用垂直竖井挖掘机（VSM）进行装配式竖井施工。以南京市建邺区沉井式停车设施建设项目(1期)工程为例，系统介绍竖井工程的预制混凝土管片结构设计理念，包括管片构造、连接方式、受力情况、防水设计等；同时，在国外同类工程的基础上对管片结构进行优化设计，首次提出全通用管片设计理念，极大提高了现场施工效率和质量。经现场应用证明： 圆形管片式竖井整体受力状况良好，防水设计满足要求。