汽车驱动防滑控制系统

汽车驱动防滑控制系统是国际上８０年代中期开始发展的新型实用汽车安全技术。介绍汽车区动防滑控制系统的发展历程，控制方式，工作原理，典型结构和工作过程，并仿真分析它对改善汽车牵引性，操纵性和稳定性作用。     

电模拟汽车行驶阻力的汽车底盘测功机

论述了在汽车底盘测功机上检测汽车动力性和燃料经济性时，进行电模拟仿真汽车行驶工况阻力的必要性，介绍了一种国内新研制的电模拟汽车行驶阻力的汽车底盘电涡流测功机，并以车速表校验为例，叙述了操作过程和校验结果。     

基于大数据的乘用车油耗与续驶里程研究

基于全球乘用车整备质量、燃油箱容积和燃油消耗量数据的统计分析,推算出"NEDC工况"下的续驶里程;再通过众测油耗的统计分析,推算出乘用车满油箱燃料的实际续驶里程范围;对乘用车的供油系统设计及电动乘用车的续驶里程对标燃油车提供依据。     

Understanding the impacts of mobile phone distraction on driving performance: A systematic review

The use of mobile phones while driving—one of the most common driver distractions—has been a significant research interest during the most recent decade. While there has been a considerable amount research and excellent reviews on how mobile phone distractions influence various aspects of driving performance, the mechanisms by which the interactions with mobile phone affect driver performance is relatively unexamined. As such, the aim of this study is to examine the mechanisms involved with mobile phone distractions such as conversing, texting, and reading and the driving task, and subsequent outcomes. A novel human-machine framework is proposed to isolate the components and various interactions associated with mobile phone distracted driving. The proposed framework specifies the impacts of mobile phone distraction as an inter-related system of outcomes such as speed selection, lane deviations and crashes; human-car controls such as steering control and brake pedal use and human-environment interactions such as visual scanning and navigation. Eleven literature-review/meta-analyses papers and 62 recent research articles from 2005 to 2015 are critically reviewed and synthesised following a systematic classification scheme derived from the human-machine system framework. The analysis shows that while many studies have attempted to measure system outcomes or driving performance, research on how drivers interactively manage in-vehicle secondary tasks and adapt their driving behaviour while distracted is scant. A systematic approach may bolster efforts to examine comprehensively the performance of distracted drivers and their impact over the transportation system by considering all system components and interactions of drivers with mobile phones and vehicles. The proposed human-machine framework not only contributes to the literature on mobile phone distraction and safety, but also assists in identifying the research needs and promising strategies for mitigating mobile phone-related safety issues. Technology based countermeasures that can provide real-time feedback or alerts to drivers based on eye/head movements in conjunction with vehicle dynamics should be an important research direction.     

电动汽车动力电池低温性能研究与应用

电动汽车锂离子动力电池在低温条件下工作时,电池的内阻明显升高、功率和能量急剧下降,导致整车低温下动力性能不足、续驶里程不足、充电受限等问题。通过试验进行了动力电池的低温特性研究,提出了适合整车低温工作的解决方案,通过实车验证,达到了很好的效果。     

温度变化对粗粒硫酸盐渍土路基变形影响分析

粗粒硫酸盐渍土路基在环境温度变化下易出现盐胀、沉陷等变形问题，其对路基正常使用造成的影响不容忽视。针对此问题，依托伊朗德黑兰-库姆-伊斯法罕高速铁路项目，在施工现场选取试验段，开展路基温度、水分的长期监测，分析路基温度和含水率随时间的变化规律。在此基础上，利用自主设计的温度变化试验装置，采用现场路基填料，开展室内温度变化循环试验，对粗粒硫酸盐渍土的变形特性进行研究。结果表明：监测期间，试验段路基温度的敏感深度为0.22 m，深度为1.0 m以内的路基含水率变化较大；在9个周期的试验过程中，试样深度在20 cm范围内的温度和含水率随时间的变化更为显著，且随着试验温度的变化，试样温度的变化存在一定的滞后性；含盐量为1.5%的土样在第1，2次温度变化循环试验中表现为盐-冻胀变形，其最大盐-冻胀变形量为0.128 mm，而含盐量为3%的土样在前6次循环试验中均表现为盐-冻胀变形，其最大盐-冻胀变形量为0.232 mm；由于受到温度、冰盐相变、含盐量、土颗粒组成、试验周期等多重因素的影响，9个试验周期后，不同含盐量的试样最终均呈现沉陷变形，其中，含盐量为1.5%试样的最终沉陷变形量为0.585 mm，是含盐量为3%试样最终沉陷变形的5.42倍。该研究结果可为相关工程提供一定的技术参考和借鉴。     

CBTC—RF信号系统下的驾驶模式及转换原则

重点分析阐述了信号系统采用CBTC-RF系统下的各种驾驶模式及模式间转换应遵循的原则。     

Alcohol and traffic accidents in Japan

Alcohol induces many traffic accidents. Recently, the number of incidences of driving under the influence of alcohol (DUIA) has decreased in Japan; however, the number of drink-driving situations remains constant. Toughening the penalty has not been a particularly effective method for reducing the number of DUIAs. To reduce accidents resulting from DUIA, an approach other than sanctions may be necessary. Alcohol impairs attentional control for simple tasks and increases the propensity for risk-taking behavior; these are the major perils of DUIA. There are many risk factors for DUIA, including area, time, personal traits, the use of other substances, and alcohol use disorder. Each individual has a different risk factor for drink-driving, so it is important to provide more education for individuals and interventions for alcohol usage according to each risk factor.     

干湿交替条件下膨胀围岩隧道的力学性态研究

以广西南宁膨胀土为围岩材料,制作室内膨胀围岩隧道物理模型。通过对隧道模型进行干湿循环试验,得出围岩在吸水及失水条件下的围岩应力-时间关系曲线及衬砌应变-时间关系曲线。试验认为在吸水过程中大部分测点的围岩压力都经历了增长、减小、不同速率的再增长3个阶段。衬砌变形则经历缓慢增长、急剧增长、急剧减小、微增长4个阶段;在失水过程中,从整体上可以将围岩压力变化分为两部分,即围岩失水收缩致使衬砌和围岩的接触压力下降导致围岩应力值减小以及土体收缩产生收缩应力导致应力监测值增大。并分析这种变化规律的形成机理,证明时间效应和空间效应的存在。为今后膨胀围岩隧道的结构设计和施工优化提供一定的理论参考。     

客车寿命周期成本模型研究

依据IEC300-3-3《寿命周期成本分析》标准中有关寿命周期成本分析的基本原理，以25型客车为对象，采用成本项目建模方式，建立了其寿命周期成本模型。运用该寿命周期成本模型，可为客车的设计、生产、销售及维修决策提供经济性依据。