冻融循环下橡胶-砂胶结材料力学特性试验

在季节性冻土区，冻融作用将改变桩周土体的强度，并诱发桩基发生病害，研制桩周土体置换材料，探明温度及冻融循环对其力学特性的影响机理，对于季节性冻土区桩基冻融与冻胀病害的防治非常必要。利用橡胶颗粒、砂和聚氨酯胶黏剂制作试样；开展不固结不排水三轴压缩试验，获得不同条件下橡胶-砂胶结材料试样的应力-应变曲线；并通过非线性拟合和回归分析，建立试样切线模量和切线泊松比与轴向、径向应变之间的拟合关系式；据此分析了橡胶-砂胶结材料试样在不同的冻融循环次数、温度及围压等条件下的力学特性。结果表明：橡胶-砂胶结材料试样的应力-应变曲线没有峰值点，为典型的应变硬化型材料；橡胶-砂胶结材料的切线模量介于2.0～9.0 MPa之间，温度对试样破坏强度和切线模量的影响较大，而冻融循环次数和低围压对试样破坏强度和切线模量的影响相对较小；橡胶-砂胶结材料试样的切线泊松比介于0.50～0.75之间，径向应变越大，切线泊松比也越大。相对而言，切线泊松比受冻融循环次数、温度及低围压的影响并不明显，可忽略不计。橡胶-砂胶结材料有望为季节性冻土区桩基冻融与冻胀病害防治提供支撑。     

掺氢比对氢-甲醇发动机稀薄燃烧及排放影响

为探究掺氢比对氢-甲醇发动机稀薄燃烧性能的影响，在一台1.8 L涡轮增压缸内直喷汽油机 （GDI） 改装的氢-甲醇发动机上，开展了不同燃空当量比和不同掺氢比条件下的甲醇发动机掺氢燃烧和排放试验研究。结果表明，在稀燃条件下，增大掺氢比能提高发动机缸内最高燃烧压力及放热率峰值，且燃烧相位提前，燃烧持续期缩短。在稀燃情况下适当掺氢有助于改善循环变动，混合气越稀改善效果越好，但随燃空比和掺氢量增大时，循环变动却有恶化的趋势。当燃空当量比大于 0.71 时，增大掺氢比能改善 HC 排放；当燃空当量比大于 0.83 时，掺氢能改善 NOx排放，但 CO 排放恶化；当燃空当量比小于0.83时，增大掺氢比导致NOx排放恶化但CO排放降低。     

Degradation of bond strength and deformation between TRC-confined seawater sand concrete and BFRP bars under chloride corrosion environment

The interfacial bonding performance between seawater sand concrete and basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) bars were tested under different textile reinforced concrete (TRC) confinement layers, confinement sequences and chloride salt dry-wet cycles. The results show that TRC confinement can change the failure mode of the specimen and improve the ductility of specimens. With the increase of corrosion age, compared with the specimens with the same restrained layers in the conventional environment, the ultimate bond strength of restrained specimens before corrosion gradually decreases, and the slip value when reaching the ultimate bond strength also slightly decreases. The bond strength of the pre-restrained corroded specimens has the same development trend. Based on the bond-slip model of deformed steel bars and concrete proposed by Eligehansen for the first time in 1983—BPE model, under the control of TRC confinement and corrosion age, the relationship between the TRC confinement layer and the ultimate bond strength and slip of seawater sand concrete and BFRP steel bar is established. By fitting and predicting the ultimate bond strength, corresponding slip value, and corrosion age control of different TRC confinement layers, it is found that the confinement effect will not be significantly improved when the confinement layers exceed 4 layers. Under long-term chloride corrosion, the failure mode of the specimen may still change into splitting failure when the number of restrained layers is small.     

中日韩典型船型建造关键周期对标分析

选择2021年度中日韩造船企业交付的集装箱船、散货船、油船和气体船等4类12种船型进行建造关键周期的对标分析，目的在于找出中日韩造船企业在船舶建造周期方面的差距，为中国造船企业缩短船舶建造周期提供改进标杆。     

CCS万吨级船舶轮机管系预舾装研究

2010年我国造船完工量高达6 560万载重t,跃居世界第一,然而我国船舶工业在高速发展的进程中也积累了不少矛盾和问题,主要表现在：创新能力不强,结构性矛盾突出,产业集中度较低、生产效率和管理水平亟待提高、船舶配套业发展滞后以及海洋工程装备发展步伐缓慢。缩短造船周期,在目前的造船形势下显得意义更加重大。本文主要介绍了采用预舾装的方法来达到缩短造船周期的目的。     

Determination of t8/5 cooling times for underwater local dry welding of steel

Knowledge of thermal history is the basic condition for studying the structure - properties of welded joints. The determinant of thermal history is the thermal cycle, whose in-situ measurements are still a big challenge. Water as the welding environment complicates this issue even more. The article presents a method to determine an equation for calculating t_8/5 cooling times for underwater gas metal arc welding of unalloyed steels using the local dry cavity method. The work uses the contact method of temperature measurements with the use of thermocouples to obtain the temperature changes of the points of welded joints covered by the thermal field. On this basis, the values of the t_8/5 cooling times were determined. A regression analysis of the Response Surface Method was used to determine the equation, which resulted in a second-order model with interactions. Statistically significant factors were determined (thickness of welded elements and heat input value) and the model veracity was confirmed as the assumptions of normality and homogeneity of variance (homoscedasticity) of the residuals were met. The t_8/5 cooling time values depend on the thickness of the welded elements and heat input value in a nonlinear way. In terms of the test conditions, the cooling times ranged from 3.0 to 7.7 s. The equation allowed for the calculation of t_8/5 cooling times during underwater welding of unalloyed steels using the local dry cavity method based on the variability of the experimental conditions with satisfactory accuracy.     

基于机器学习的柴油机碳烟颗粒质量排放预测模型

基于SC7H涡轮增压柴油机试验台架,开展了非道路瞬态试验循环下的柴油机排放试验,研究了瞬态循环的工况对碳烟颗粒质量浓度的影响。收集与碳烟颗粒质量浓度相关的各类传感器数据,构建一个大型的柴油机碳烟排放数据集。构建LGB梯度树模型和循环神经网络模型,采用数据集对它们进行训练,然后采用自学习算法对两种模型进行融合,获得一个更高准确度的预测碳烟质量排放融合模型。预测与实测结果的比较表明,构建的融合模型能较为准确地预测柴油机排放的即DPF入口的碳烟质量浓度实时变化,为柴油机后处理过程中碳载量的准确计算以及控制策略的开发提供参考。     

AO工艺处理工业污水的运行研究

为便于制药化工行业废水的调控，针对运行阶段容易出现的出水氨氮不稳定、DO不稳定、出水浊度高等常见问题，筛选符合经济效益的改造手段。本研究主要是通过调控硝化菌种的繁殖周期、以及生存的外环境来控制出水氨氮浓度；通过理论需氧量支撑工程技术改造、保证DO的稳定；通过改变污泥的排放周期和精准控制、降低出水的浊度，为工艺严选和运行把控提供技术支撑。