高速车辆动态脱轨临界状态评判方法

针对传统准静态脱轨系数指标监测高速车辆动态脱轨安全性时的局限性,提出基于车轮抬升量和轮对横移量、以轮对运动姿态决定的脱轨临界状态判断准则;建立高速车辆多刚体动力学模型,分析高速车辆动态脱轨非线性动力学特性,研究轮对运动姿态与车辆振动响应变化规律之间的关系,表明轮对横向振动加速度与车轮抬升量规律较一致;运用高速车辆动态脱轨评判方法进行评判时,首先采用轮对横向振动加速度移动均方根值作为评判车辆脱轨的指标,然后确定该指标能有效反映车轮抬升量变化时的滤波频率范围和滤波时间窗宽,最后确定该指标的合理限值。算例验证表明:该评判方法可有效监测动态脱轨安全性;轮对横向振动加速度移动均方根统计波形与车轮抬升量的变化趋势具有很高的同步性,不仅可以间接地反映轮对运动姿态的变化及车轮抬升的高度,还可以克服轮轨垂向力为零时脱轨系数失真的缺点,在评判高频动态脱轨时的可靠性更高。     

浸水作用下重载铁路基床动回弹模量衰减规律

以包神铁路某病害段土体为研究对象,制备不同压实系数、不同含水率的试样,利用GDS动三轴系统进行模拟浸水状态下的动力特性试验;使用自行研制的常水头马氏瓶模拟雨水自然浸入基床,构建动力湿化环境,研究浸水作用下重载铁路基床动回弹模量衰减规律及敏感影响因素。结果表明:浸水过程会打破土体的动力稳定状态,引发塑性应变的持续累积以及动回弹模量的持续衰减,累积程度和衰减规律受到压实系数的显著影响;压实系数为0.96的土体在浸水作用下循环加载至50000次时其累积塑性应变小于3%,而压实系数分别为0.9和0.93土体的累积塑性应变皆大于10%;压实系数越大的土体在浸水作用下动回弹模量衰减程度越大,压实系数分别为0.9,0.93和0.96的土体在浸水作用下其动回弹模量分别衰减22%,32%和42%;不同初始含水率土体的累积塑性应变和动回弹模量衰减规律相近。在试验数据基础上,提出了用动回弹模量构建的动力湿化作用下的土体软化模型,该模型体现了土体刚度受压实系数显著影响的特性,且具有较好的适用性。     

纯电动环卫车电驱动系统参数匹配研究

纯电动环卫车已成为城市日常生活的重要组成部分,为提高其动力性及作业效率,文章以一种基于平行轴变速箱与行星排集成的多模高效电驱动系统构型的纯电动环卫车为研究对象,首先对系统能够实现的模式进行了分析,其次以纯电动环卫车整车参数和动力性能为指标,分别匹配了驱动电机和作业电机峰值、额定功率、转矩及最高转速等参数,并搭建了整车动力学模型,通过仿真分析及系统台架进行爬坡和加速能力测试,证明系统参数匹配的有效性。     

An expeditious algebraic formulation to the buckling critical load of risers under dynamic compression

Dynamic compression of risers can play an important role in the structural stability of submerged pipes in catenary-like configuration. In this paper, the analytical formulation for the buckling critical load, developed in the early 2000's, is revisited and extended to cover a wider range of practical cases. A purely algebraic expression for the critical load is provided, eliminating the original formulation requirement related to solving transcendental equations, for both free and anchored risers. The analytic formulations and respective algebraic approximations are compared with numerical simulations, presenting a fairly good agreement. A discussion on the differences and similarities of each formulation ends this paper, highlighting their range of validity. Also, from the comparison, the analytical formulation developed in this work was more suitable for precise and fast determination of the critical buckling load for both riser types, rigid and flexible, and for most typical operating conditions. The proposed algebraic expressions were highly accurate and may substitute the previous analytical formulations for critical load prediction.     

An adaptive hawkes process formulation for estimating time-of-day zonal trip arrivals with location-based social networking check-in data

Location-Based Social Networking (LBSN) services, such as Foursquare, Facebook check-ins, and Geo-tagged Twitter tweets, have emerged as new secondary data sources for studying individual travel mobility patterns at a fine-grained level. However, the differences between human social behavioral and travel patterns can cause significant sampling bias for travel demand estimation. This paper presents a dynamic model to estimate time-of-day zonal trip arrival patterns. In the proposed model, the state propagation is formulated by the Hawkes process; the observation model implements LBSN sampling. The proposed model is applied to Foursquare check-in data collected from Austin, Texas in 2010 and calibrated with Origin-Destination (OD) data and time of day factor from Capital Area Metropolitan Planning Organization (CAMPO). The proposed model is compared with a simple aggregation model of trip purposes and time of day based on a prior daily OD estimation model using the LBSN data. The results illustrate the promising benefits of applying stochastic point process models and state-space modeling in time-of-day zonal arrival pattern estimation with the LBSN data. The proposed model can significantly reduce the number of parameters to calibrate in order to reduce the sampling bias of LBSN data for trip arrival estimation.     

A multiclass cell transmission model for shared human and autonomous vehicle roads

Autonomous vehicles have the potential to improve link and intersection traffic behavior. Computer reaction times may admit reduced following headways and increase capacity and backwards wave speed. The degree of these improvements will depend on the proportion of autonomous vehicles in the network. To model arbitrary shared road scenarios, we develop a multiclass cell transmission model that admits variations in capacity and backwards wave speed in response to class proportions within each cell. The multiclass cell transmission model is shown to be consistent with the hydrodynamic theory. This paper then develops a car following model incorporating driver reaction time to predict capacity and backwards wave speed for multiclass scenarios. For intersection modeling, we adapt the legacy early method for intelligent traffic management (Bento et al., 2013) to general simulation-based dynamic traffic assignment models. Empirical results on a city network show that intersection controls are a major bottleneck in the model, and that the legacy early method improves over traffic signals when the autonomous vehicle proportion is sufficiently high.     

Method for investigating intradriver heterogeneity using vehicle trajectory data: A Dynamic Time Warping approach

After first extending Newell’s car-following model to incorporate time-dependent parameters, this paper describes the Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) algorithm and its application for calibrating this microscopic simulation model by synthesizing driver trajectory data. Using the unique capabilities of the DTW algorithm, this paper attempts to examine driver heterogeneity in car-following behavior, as well as the driver’s heterogeneous situation-dependent behavior within a trip, based on the calibrated time-varying response times and critical jam spacing. The standard DTW algorithm is enhanced to address a number of estimation challenges in this specific application, and a numerical experiment is presented with vehicle trajectory data extracted from the Next Generation Simulation (NGSIM) project for demonstration purposes. The DTW algorithm is shown to be a reasonable method for processing large vehicle trajectory datasets, but requires significant data reduction to produce reasonable results when working with high resolution vehicle trajectory data. Additionally, singularities present an interesting match solution set to potentially help identify changing driver behavior; however, they must be avoided to reduce analysis complexity.     

Globally energy-optimal speed planning for road vehicles on a given route

This paper provides a globally optimal solution to an important problem: given a real-world route, what is the most energy-efficient way to drive a vehicle from the origin to the destination within a certain period of time. Along the route, there may be multiple stop signs, traffic lights, turns and curved segments, roads with different grades and speed limits, and even leading vehicles with pre-known speed profiles. Most of such route information and features are actually constraints to the optimal vehicle speed control problem, but these constraints are described in two different domains. The most important concept in solving this problem is to convert the distance-domain route constraints to some time-domain state and input constraints that can be handled by optimization methods such as dynamic programming (DP). Multiple techniques including cost-to-go function interpolation and parallel computing are used to reduce the computation of DP and make the problem solvable within a reasonable amount of time on a personal computer.     

Real-time traffic network state estimation and prediction with decision support capabilities: Application to integrated corridor management

This paper presents a real-time traffic network state estimation and prediction system with built-in decision support capabilities for traffic network management. The system provides traffic network managers with the capabilities to estimate the current network conditions, predict congestion dynamics, and generate efficient traffic management schemes for recurrent and non-recurrent congestion situations. The system adopts a closed-loop rolling horizon framework in which network state estimation and prediction modules are integrated with a traffic network manager module to generate efficient proactive traffic management schemes. The traffic network manger adopts a meta-heuristic search mechanism to construct the schemes by integrating a wide variety of control strategies. The system is applied in the context of Integrated Corridor Management (ICM), which is envisioned to provide a system approach for managing congested urban corridors. A simulation-based case study is presented for the US-75 corridor in Dallas, Texas. The results show the ability of the system to improve the overall network performance during hypothetical incident scenarios.     

Simplified analytical method for evaluating web girder crushing during ship collision and grounding

The paper presents a simplified analytical method to examine the crushing resistance of web girders subjected to local static or dynamic in-plane loads. A new theoretical model, inspired by existing simplified approaches, is developed to describe the progressive plastic deformation behaviour of web girders. It is of considerable practical importance to estimate the extent of structural deformation within ship web girders during collision and grounding accidents. In this paper, new formulae to evaluate this crushing force are proposed on the basis of a new folding deformation mode. The folding deformation of web girders is divided into two parts, plastic deformation and elastic buckling zones, which are not taken into account for in the existing models. Thus, the proposed formulae can well express the crushing deformation behaviour of the first and subsequent folds. They are validated with experimental results of web girder found in literature and actual numerical simulations performed by the explicit LS-DYNA finite element solver. The elastic buckling zone, which absorbs almost zero energy, is captured and confirmed by the numerical results. In addition, the analytical method derives expressions to estimate the average strain rate of the web girders during the impact process and evaluates the material strain rate sensitivity with the Cowper-Symonds constitutive model. These adopted formulae, validated with an existing drop weight impact test, can well capture the dynamic effect of web girders.