The Strategy for Coastal Sustainability: A Spanish Initiative for ICZM

The Spanish Strategy for Coastal Sustainability (SCS) was an initiative aimed at implementing coastal interventions under the principles of Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) and improving the state of the coast at the Spanish national level. The SCS, promoted by the Spanish Ministry of the Environment, started as a broad national strategy in 2005 and was finally delivered as a coastal planning instrument at the regional level in late 2007, designed to address coastal policies within the Spanish maritime–terrestrial public domain (MTPD). The initiative was triggered by the increasing pressure on the coastal zone and its preparation was supported by different European initiatives, first of all the European Recommendation on ICZM (413/2002/EC), while taking into consideration the future requirements of the Mediterranean Protocol on ICZM of the Barcelona Convention, signed in February 2008. Technically, the preparation of the SCS included four steps: (i) a Stakeholder Identification and Engagement process, including a stocktaking of the laws and regulations, (ii) the design of a broad Strategic Framework for the Spanish coastal zone, including a set of specific objectives and the instruments for its implementation, (iii) the signature of cooperation agreements for ICZM between the central government and the regions, and (iv) a detailed Technical Diagnosis at the local scale, designed to address future coastal interventions in the maritime–terrestrial public domain and its areas of influence. This article aims to: (i) illustrate the triggering factors of the SCS, including the Spanish coastal issues, the administrative framework at the national level, and the European and international policies addressing coastal management and (ii) illustrate the approaches and methodologies used for the preparation of the SCS, reporting the most relevant quantitative results. The article concludes that the SCS gave a strong contribution in the construction of a base of knowledge for the coastal zone and to improve coastal management practices. Despite this, complex distributions of competences still undermine the implementation of strategic interventions. In this context, the future ratification of the ICZM Protocol of the Barcelona Convention represents an opportunity to use the SCS process results and improve coastal management practices and the state of the coast.     

沪宁城际WJ-7B型扣件螺栓轴力衰减规律与复紧周期探讨

高速铁路扣件系统是轨道弹性、轨距、水平调整能力的主要提供者,扣件的可靠性关系到列车运行的安全性和旅客乘车的舒适度等,对于WJ-7B型弹性分开式扣件,其功能的正常发挥很大程度上取决于锚固螺栓的预紧力是否足够。以沪宁城际WJ-7B型扣件系统为例,推导扣件系统螺栓轴力计算方法;结合现场转角测试结果计算锚固螺栓轴力的衰减规律。研究结论为:螺栓轴力稳定在40~60 kN,满足横向力校核结果,在此基础上确定了复紧周期为3~4年。     

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介绍抱轴箱体的结构特征和运行情况。利用有限元法对SS7型电力机车抱轴箱体3种结构的静强度做对比分析,证实了局部几何性应力集中对过早裂损的影响;利用电镜扫描技术对裂纹进行分析,结果表明抱轴箱体的裂纹断口特征相近,裂纹性质属于多源性低周疲劳裂纹,铸件中的夹杂、气孔等内部缺陷是导致过早裂损的主要原因。     

3轴转向架轴箱横动量配置初探

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IN VITRO CO-STIMULATORY ACTIVITY OF HUMAN B7.2(IgV+C)PROTEIN PRODUCED BY ENGINEERED BACTERIA

It was well known that "two signals" wereboth necessary to activate T lymphocytes. The firstsignal was provided by TCR--CD, which was en-gaged with antigen peptide--MHC complex, and thesecond, also named the costimulatory signal, wasprovided by the interaction between costimulatorymolecules B7. l and B7. 2 on antigen presenting celland its counter--receptor CD28/CTLA4 on T cell.The first signal alone without costimulation willlead T cell to anergy or apoptosis['~'2. B7. 2 mayplay a cri…     

6300主机遥控系统的PLC设计与实现

以6300主机为研究对象,分析了其操纵系统的特点及存在的缺陷,设计并实现了基于S7-200PLC的主机遥控系统。PLC遥控系统具备完整的主机遥控和安全保护功能,在船上成功运行,表明新系统在可靠性、可操作性及功能完整性等方面优于原系统。     

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介绍了继电型自整定PID控制的基本原理及PLC实现的基本方法,设计了基于PLC的在线自整定PID船舶自动舵.该自整定PID自动舵能够自动适应船况和海况的变化,实现无扰动切换、变增益调节等功能,克服了舵机振荡.实船应用证明了该自整定PID船舶自动舵的有效性.     

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介绍了三峡消防艇动力装置的设计概况,通过列表对比的方法阐述了“主机飞轮端＋OMEGA无级调速齿轮箱＋定距桨,自由端＋对外消防泵”、“主机飞轮端＋标准齿轮箱＋定距桨,单独设2台消防泵发动机”及“主机飞轮端＋齿轮箱＋调距桨,自由端＋对外消防泵”三种方案各自的优势和劣势。着重介绍了最终选择的动力装置的性能、OMEGA齿轮箱的结构原理以及消防船专用的电子遥控系统——EC200FIFI的模式设置,并阐述了它们在消防船上应用的优越性。     

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