欧盟标准BS EN12663-1的应用研究

WANG Yanli;CHEN Gang;TAN Fuxing(CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co.,Ltd.,Changchun 130062,China)     

欧盟城市轨道交通装备检验检测与认证制度分析

介绍了轨道交通装备检验检测与认证的定义和功能。依据欧盟指令2008/57/EC,简述了欧洲铁路互通性技术法规体系,介绍了标准规范建立的过程。基于法规要求从互操作性部件和子系统两个方面分析了轨道交通装备的认证方法和程序。对国外第三方检测认证机构在轨道交通领域内的服务内容和运作要求进行了归纳,阐述了第三方检测与认证制度对我国轨道交通装备发展的意义。     

Transport pricing and Public-Private Partnerships in theory: Issues and Suggestions

This chapter offers a theoretical examination of the following questions: what are the issues that arise when Social Marginal Cost Pricing is to be incorporated in Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs); and how may these issues be dealt with?We first briefly discuss Public-Private Partnerships in transport: what are the defining characteristics and what are the main types that exist in the different modes of transport? Next we consider the economics of Public-Private Partnerships, in particular from the viewpoint of incentives. Subsequently we identify and examine the issues that arise when Social Marginal Cost Pricing is to be incorporated in PPPs as a regulation with regard to pricing in the transport sector. Lastly, we investigate the possibilities of resolving these issues.     

欧盟指令对巴士与客车的要求

概括介绍欧盟现有的巴士与客车指令,以及已提出即将实施的指令,从巴士与客车制造商和运营商的角度透视这些指令对市场的影响。本文重点关注与巴士和客车关联的技术供应,而不是巴士与客车服务的运营规则。     

Rail and multi-modal transport

This paper elaborates on the definitions of inter and multi-modal transport, as well as their differences in terms of performance. A survey of the barriers, both internal and external, to an efficient intermodal transport is included followed by an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of combining rail transport with the other transport modes. Transhipment technologies for efficient freight service and some examples of freight rail corridors between sea and inland terminals are presented. The integration between air and rail transport is discussed and the potential synergies between air and high-speed rail services are emphasised. The paper concludes with a discussion on energy use for sustainable rail performance.     

Measuring the energy efficiency for airlines under the pressure of being included into the EU ETS

In 2008, European Union (EU) announced that from 2012, each international flight taking off and landing in EU would be given an emission permit. Therefore, the period of 2008–2012 can be regarded as a buffer period for global airlines. Although EU formally decides to exclude non‐EU airlines from the EU Emission Trading System on March 4, 2014, it is necessary to investigate the impacts of the policy on airline energy efficiency in this period. Airline energy efficiency is divided into three stages—operations stage, service stage, and sales stage—and Greenhouse gas emission is treated as an undesirable output of service stage. Two models, network range‐adjusted measure model with weak disposability and network range‐adjusted measure model with strong disposability, are established to evaluate the efficiencies of 22 international airlines from 2008 to 2012. The results show that (i) most airlines' efficiencies have decreased in the period, and the EU Emission Trading System is not effective for the efficiency improvement; (ii) the average efficiency of European airlines is almost the same as that of non‐European airlines; and (iii) the model with weak disposability is more reasonable in distinguishing efficiency differences, while strong disposability is a more reasonable way in treating undesirable outputs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

欧盟轨道交通安全统计年报解析

轨道交通安全和事故数据是安全管理依据和理论基础。欧盟依据铁路安全指令按年度发布的铁路安全统计报告,内容包括:事故趋势、主要事故、以共同安全指标为基本统计口径的事故指标、共同安全目标和风险水平的国家参考值,以及事故调查及管理、安全管理等。文章认为,建立公开的事故报告和统计制度是轨道交通安全管理的基本要求。     

The development of a decision making framework for evaluating the trade-off solutions of cleaner seaborne transportation

The general rise in marine fuel prices in combination with ever-more stringent environmental regulations resulting from IMO conventions and EU Directives have become the main industry drivers for seaborne transportation to become cleaner and more energy efficient. Compliance with existing and soon-to-be-enacted regulations requires evaluating the trade-off between often-conflicting options to select the best available technology or fuel source. Although the traditional way of dealing with this issue has been to apply a cost benefit analysis, this kind of analysis does not adequately consider the complexities of the problem, such as incorporating linguistic preferences or interrelations amongst attributes, experts and their preferences.The challenge in such an analysis corresponds to that of a multiple attribute decision-making problem in which a finite number of alternatives are assessed with regards to a finite number of attributes and experts and ranked from the best to the worst.In this paper, a comprehensive and holistic decision-making framework is proposed to overcome the barriers of cost-benefit analysis techniques, facilitating the inclusion of all possible combinations of decision-making parameters and their discrete values, which will eventually help the industry achieve cleaner seaborne transportation.To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed framework, this paper focuses on a real-life study case involving an environmental compliance problem in the Port of Copenhagen, Denmark, in relation to a particular EU Directive. In conclusion, the proposed framework can be applied as a generalised decision-making model to similar compliance issues encountered within other modes of transportation such as rail and road.     

Determinants of new vehicle registrations in EU countries: a panel cointegration analysis

This paper investigates the determinants of new vehicle registrations in European Union (EU) countries by focusing on four particular segments – passenger cars, light commercial vehicles, commercial vehicles, and heavy commercial vehicles. A panel cointegration analysis for a panel of 13 EU countries during the period from January 1999 to August 2010 shows that new vehicle sales have long-run cointegration relations with vehicle prices, consumer confidence, income, interest rates, fuel prices, industrial production, and trade. More effective factors in determining new vehicle sales appear to be trade, interest rates, and industrial production.     

欧盟铁路投融资制度对长三角轨道交通网投融资设计的启示

如何谋求在政府与经营主体之间、中央政府与地方政府之间，适当分配路网建设及运营利益与风险，建立起与之相适应的投融资制度，以提高路网建设与运营效率，是长三角轨道交通网络建设的重要课题。分析了长三角轨道交通网络投融资面临的主要问题，介绍了英、法、德、瑞典等欧盟国家主要铁路投融资制度，希望为建立长三角轨道交通网投融资制度提供一些借鉴。