超速行为干预措施研究现状及发展趋势

为了提出能够有效遏制超速行为的干预措施,明确已有超速行为干预措施的实际效果、适用条件、优缺点及结合措施效果,对该领域内相关文献进行了系统性综述。根据系统性综述和元分析首选报告准则（PRISMA）,将超速行为及其干预措施作为关键词,分别从11个电子数据库中搜索与超速抓拍系统、反超速宣传、超速警告标志和智能超速干预系统相关文献,通过构建文献质量评价指标体系对这些文献进行评估,筛选出101篇相关文献,并对其研究结果进行了叙述性地综合分析。研究结果表明：超速抓拍系统、反超速宣传、超速警告标志及智能超速干预系统具有不同程度的超速干预效果,且受一些道路交通环境条件及人为因素的影响。具体地,对于超速抓拍系统,区间式超速抓拍系统的干预效果最好,而移动式超速抓拍系统最差;对于反超速宣传,户外广告的超速干预效果最好,但印刷类广告作用不大;对于超速警告标志,超速张贴标志具有较显著的干预效果;警告型动态速度显示标志的超速干预效果优于标准型动态速度显示标志;对于智能超速干预系统,强制型智能超速干预系统的超速干预效果最佳,自愿型智能超速干预系统效果最差;对于结合措施,多数结合措施较单个措施的超速干预效果更好。总体而言,超速抓拍系统和智能超速干预系统的超速干预效果最好,超速警告标志次之,反超速宣传效果较差,结合措施可增强干预效果。上述结果可为超速行为干预措施的选择或提出奠定理论基础。针对已有超速干预措施的局限性及影响因素尚不明朗的问题,后续研究需优化试验或调查方案,进一步探究超速干预措施的效果及影响因素,并基于大数据（如车辆轨迹、视频数据）提出新的干预措施。     

全断面富水砂层浅埋盾构隧道下穿平房群施工参数研究

盾构在富水砂层中掘进时,容易出现喷涌、地表沉降大、流砂等现象,给掘进施工带来很多问题和困难,尤其是在全断面富水砂层中掘进时,如何控制盾构施工参数显得极其重要。文章结合广州地铁21号线水西站—长平站盾构区间隧道工程实例,考虑了工程实践中盾构穿越全断面富水砂层且下穿薄弱基础的水西村民房建筑的情况,进行了盾构施工措施及试验段掘进参数分析,确定了盾构下穿水西村民房建筑的施工参数。监测结果表明:参数实际控制值与分析拟定值接近,地表沉降可以控制在5 mm内,房屋沉降可以控制在10 mm内,验证了参数选取的正确性。盾构在全断面富水砂层中下穿平房群时,实际土舱压力高于静止土压力,同步注浆量不低于1.6倍的理论值,提高土压力和推力可以有效降低平房群的沉降值。     

沥青混合料抗剪切验算方法

文章借鉴城市道路的抗剪验算方法和步骤,提出了适用于沥青混合料的抗剪验算方法,并采用沥青路面应力计算BISAR程序与三轴试验进行实例分析,验算了该方法的可行性。     

Adapting without Retreating: Responses to Shoreline Change on an Inlet-Associated Coastal Beach

Coastal barrier systems around the world are experiencing higher rates of flooding and shoreline erosion. Property owners on barriers have made significant financial investments in physical protections that shield their nearby properties from these hazards, constituting a type of adaptation to shoreline change. Factors that contribute to adaptation on Plum Island, a developed beach and dune system on the North Shore of Massachusetts, are investigated here. Plum Island experiences patterns of shoreline change that may be representative of many inlet-associated beaches, encompassing an equivocal and dynamically shifting mix of erosion and accretion. In the face of episodic floods and fleeting erosive events, and driven by a combination of strong northeast storms and cycles of erosion and accretion, the value of the average Plum Island residence increases by 34% for properties on the oceanfront where protection comprises a publicly constructed soft structure. Even in the face of state policies that ostensibly discourage physical protection as a means of adaptation, coastal communities face significant political and financial pressures to maintain existing protective structures or to allow contiguous groups of property owners to build new ones through collective action. These factors mitigate against adapting to shoreline change by retreating from the coast, thereby potentially increasing the adverse effects of coastal hazards.     

Long-term impact of the Shinkansen on rail and air demand: analysis with data from Northeast Japan

This paper analyses how the high-speed rail construction in Northeast Japan (Tohoku) has affected total demand and interregional travel patterns. We use annual interregional passenger data from 1989 to 2012 and apply regression analysis with the demand between Tokyo and the Tohoku prefectures as the dependent variable. We distinguish particularly between the ‘Full-’ and the ‘Mini-’ Shinkansen, where the latter are branch services running with reduced speed. We find that the ‘Full-Shinkansen’ quickly increases rail and total public transport trips and generates additional rail demand year on year. The ‘Mini-Shinkansen’ impacts are less pronounced. Furthermore, our analysis shows that the Shinkansen has shifted some demand from air to rail once it started operation and increased rail share gradually. We therefore suggest that predictions of demand impacts should carefully distinguish immediate from gradual impacts. We also discuss differences in regional demand in that not all prefectures have gained equally from Shinkansen construction.     

异形网箱生态结构的设计及应用

为保护落成洲整治建筑物头部潜堤根部及LL3~LL5号丁坝根部的现有植被,在标准网箱结构的基础上,研发出异形网箱结构来替代抛石筑堤。异形网箱生态堤在满足工程功能需求的前提下,完整保护了落成洲的原有生态环境,可为航道整治生态结构设计提供参考。     

我国公共工程PFI融资模式项目风险管理研究

从PFI融资模式的基本内涵和运行机制出发,运用项目融资与风险管理等相关理论,对PFI项目风险进行了详细分析,并依据PFI项目风险的分担原则和机制,提出了应对我国PFI项目风险的管理策略及相关措施,以期对推进我国PFI项目健康、快速发展有所裨益.     

交通部《公路工程施工招标投标管理办法》浅析

根据交通部最近修订的《公路工程施工招标投标管理办法》,介绍了修订的背景、思路,对修订内容进行了分析;并重点分析了新办法中极力推行的新的评标方法——合理低价法。     

对水运工程钢筋混凝土结构实体保护层作用的认识

钢筋腐蚀是造成水运工程钢筋混凝土破损的主要原因之一，混凝土保护层是保证钢筋延迟开始腐蚀的重要屏障。认识保护层的主要作用，对提高水运工程混凝土结构使用寿命具有重要意义。     

海上挤密砂桩工法及其在港珠澳大桥岛隧工程的应用

针对海上挤密砂桩这一新型软基加固工法,依托港珠澳大桥岛隧工程对其原理和特点进行介绍。总结现场挤密砂桩载荷板试验的相关成果,介绍了海上挤密砂桩应用在不同构筑物时的设计原理、计算方法以及布置方案。分析目前国内海上挤密砂桩的施工能力,归纳总结了海上挤密砂桩的施工效率和相应的质量控制管理措施。为此工法的推广及应用提供依据。