钢纤维混凝土的性能及其在高层建筑抗震中的应用

通过分析钢纤维混凝土的性能和高层建筑结构设计的特点,阐明了钢纤维混凝土在提高高层建筑结构构件的力学性能和改善变形性能方面的显著作用,对钢纤维混凝土在高层建筑抗震结构中的应用研究进行了叙述。     

地裂时桥梁倒塌过程研究

利用LS-DYNA程序建立数值分析模型，再现土耳其Arifiye大桥在1999年地震中由于地裂引起倒塌的过程，并与真实的倒塌场景进行比较，验证了分析模型的正确性。有限元分析中，墩台和上部结构均采用平面应力单元，忽略弹性支座的影响；墩台与上部结构之间采用接触算法；结构动力分析采用显式有限元法进行。从对桥梁上部结构破坏过程中梁体位移的动力响应分析可知，梁体坠落过程中没有与相邻墩台发生明显的撞击。对地裂发生位置和上部结构形式对倒塌影响的研究表明，结构完整性能够明显阻止结构发生连续性倒塌破坏；在阻止地裂引起桥梁破坏方面，连续结构形式优于简支结构形式，可有效减轻地裂发生瞬间桥梁破坏造成的生命财产损失。     

Experimental and numerical study on tuned liquid dampers for controlling earthquake response of jacket offshore platform

Earthquake loading has to be considered when the offshore platform is constructed in active fault zone. Tuned liquid dampers (TLD) have been proposed to control the dynamic response of structures. Liquid sloshing experiments on cylinder tank show the sloshing happens more seriously when the frequency of external excitation is close to the fundamental sloshing frequency of liquid. Lumped mass method is employed to numerically analyze the controlling earthquake effect on TLD. Based on TLDs the feasibility to control earthquake response of jacket platform is studied and applied to CB32A oil tank platform. Using extra TLDs in CB32A to control the seismic response of the platform is researched by the model test and numerical simulation. Lumped mass method can simulate the behavior of TLD during earthquake very well and gives close numerical results compared with those from model experiments. It has been found that the ratio of the fundamental sloshing frequency of liquid to the natural frequency of platform is the key factor to control earthquake response. The larger ratio of water-mass to platform-mass is also useful to reduce vibration as well.     

高速铁路地震紧急自动处置系统的研究

对国外高速铁路地震紧急自动处置系统的现状和发展、以及我国列车速度提高后地震对高速铁路运营安全的危险性进行分析,研究地震紧急自动处置系统监测点设置与报警安全性的关系。高速铁路地震紧急自动处置系统由监控中心设备(设在运营调度中心内)、车站设备和地震监测点设备构成,给出了系统功能结构、应用系统体系结构和总体网络结构。根据我国高速铁路基础设施在典型地震波激励下的最大动力响应系数,建议我国高速铁路地震紧急自动处置的报警阈值为45 Gal;通过对各种报警方式进行比选分析,提出我国高速铁路地震紧急自动处置系统报警及列车运行控制采用牵引变电所控制模式,监测点设置间距20~30 km,并尽量将地震监测点设置在牵引变电所内,以降低建设投资。     

考虑非一致地震输入的车-桥系统动力响应分析

针对地震对列车在高速铁路桥梁上走行安全性的影响,将桥梁在地震作用下的运动方程和车辆振动方程通过桥梁子系统与车辆子系统间的非线性轮轨接触关系联系起来,建立可考虑行波效应影响的长大跨度桥梁—列车耦合系统的地震反应分析模型。利用车—桥系统地震反应分析程序,对高速列车在不同特征地震荷载作用下通过某高速铁路连续梁桥进行仿真分析,研究列车速度和地震波行波效应对车—桥系统动力响应的影响。研究结果表明:地震波行波效应对车—桥系统的振动响应有重要影响,并不总是地震波行波速度越大,车辆的动力响应的计算结果越接近一致激励时的相应值;在进行大跨度连续梁桥车—桥系统的地震反应分析时,应按桥址处的实际场地土特性考虑地震波行波效应的影响;地震荷载作用时车体的横向振动加速度以及各项安全评价指标均随列车速度的提高而增大,在评价地震作用下高速铁路连续梁桥上列车的走行安全性时,必须考虑列车运行速度的影响,给出了确保地震发生时高速列车在桥上安全运行的临界速度限值。     

大跨径上承式箱型拱桥地震反应分析

文章以一座大跨径上承式箱型拱桥为例,通过阐述工程概况,建立成桥状态下的有限元模型,利用反应谱法和时程分析法计算分析其地震响应。结果表明,该桥抗震性能良好。     

锚固系统对地震边坡动力响应的影响研究

文章利用有限差分程序FLAC2D6.0,从单元屈服状态和剪应变增量、应力场、动力稳定性等方面对比分析了自然边坡和锚固边坡在地震作用下的动力响应情况。结果表明：在地震作用下,土坡产生不可恢复的累积变形,其大小与输入的地震波峰值有关,而锚固边坡较自然边坡有更好的延性;锚固系统能在一定程度上限制坡顶拉破坏的产生和很好的控制坡脚剪切破坏的发展;锚杆轴力沿全长呈不均匀分布,且在滑移面附近变化幅度最大。     

汶川地震各地震烈度区公路隧道震害特征研究

文章结合汶川地震震区大量公路隧道震害资料,对各地震烈度区公路隧道震害特征进行了研究。结果表明:6度区隧道均未破坏;7度区出现落石灾害,砸坏洞门、边仰坡结构;8~11度区硬岩隧道洞身衬砌基本无震害,8度区软岩隧道洞身衬砌出现轻微开裂、渗水;9度区软岩隧道洞身衬砌开裂严重,出现网状开裂、大面积渗水,出现混凝土剥落、掉块以及二次衬砌垮塌等,洞口边仰坡出现滑塌、崩塌,堵塞洞门;10度区软岩隧道洞身二次衬砌垮塌增多;11度区软岩隧道洞身出现围岩垮塌。研究成果对进一步研究高烈度地震区公路隧道震害机理及抗震对策有着重要的意义。     

Assessment of economic impacts from unexpected events with an interregional commodity flow and multimodal transportation network model

Loss and damage caused by unscheduled events, especially earthquakes, have sudden and significant impacts not only on the region’s economy where the event occurs but also on other regions. The New Madrid Seismic Zone, located in the center of the United States, could have great impacts on economic activities related to this area, if a major earthquake occurred. Based on the 1993 US Commodity Flow Survey [US Commodity Flow Survey, 1993. Available from: <http://www.bts.gov/ntda/cfs/prod.html>], more than 42% of total commodity flows in the US are related to the greater Midwest, which includes the New Madrid Seismic Zone. If a catastrophic earthquake occurred in this area, the indirect damages could spread far beyond the region, and could have sizable impacts on other regions. A model of interregional commodity flows, incorporating regional input–output relationships, and the corresponding transportation network flows, was applied to assess the economic impacts of such an unexpected event. The economic impacts from the event are described for three hypothetical scenarios, analyzing the magnitude and the extent of the direct and indirect impacts. These analytical results may be used to propose strategic management of the recovery and reconstruction efforts after the event.     

Research on deformation failure mode of slope diseases caused by earthquakeEI北大核心

Research purposes: The slope diseases caused by earthquake are different from other types of slope diseases in general. They have various mechanism and deformation failure modes and can cause large damages. In order to prevent and control these diseases pointedly, based on investigations of 3 slope diseases along the Wenchuan-Yingxiu Road influenced by the "5·12"Wenchuan Earthquake, the analyses and researches were made and done on the slope diseases types, slope structures and mechanism to summarize the deformation failure modes of slope diseases caused by earthquake. Research conclusions: (1) The main types of slope diseases include the collapse, landslide, slumping, fault and rockfall. Collapse is the major disease, up to 71% of the total slope diseases. About 80% diseases happens to rock slope. (2) The deformation failure modes of collapse have 8 types like pull cracking and falling.Landslide has 5types like pull cracking, shearing off and sliding. Slumping has 2 types of shaking loose and slumping. Rock falling has 2 types of throwing and dropping. Disorder falling has 1 type of shaking to crimping. (3) This research result can provide the reference to prevention and control of the slope diseases caused by earthquakes along railways and roads.