Mining factors affecting taxi drivers’ incomes using GPS trajectories

Taxis provide essential transport services in urban areas. In the taxi industry, the income level remains a cause of concern for taxi drivers as well as regulators. Mining underlying factors affecting the income level will not only benefit the newcomers and low-income drivers but also assist in developing effective optimization algorithms for taxi operations. This paper intends to disclose the factors affecting incomes along with their quantitative influence by mining over 167 million GPS records from nearly 8000 taxis in Shanghai. We first identify a marked difference in drivers’ incomes and categorize drivers into three income levels accordingly. We next investigate the overall search-delivery process, thereby defining several factors that may affect the income level. We then develop a generalized multi-level ordered logit (GMOL) model to find the significant factors that influence incomes. Finally, we compute the elasticity for those significant factors and present their contributions, as well as challenge some preconceived ideas regarding how to earn high incomes.     

中日汽车驾驶员培训的比较分析

驾驶员是人、车、路系统中的核心,新驾驶员的驾驶行为对于行车安全尤为重要。通过对中日驾驶学习进行比较分析,指出我国驾驶员培训中急需改进的问题,从驾驶学习的源头提高新驾驶员的行车安全意识。     

Estimating the willingness to pay and value of risk reduction for car occupants in the road environment

In recent years there has been a re-focus on the valuation of a statistical life from the ex post or human capital method to an ex ante willingness to pay (WTP) approach. This is in part a recognition that we may have been undervaluing the cost of fatalities and injuries to society associated with crashes, but also a strong belief in the need to focus on establishing the amount, ex ante, that individuals are willing to pay to reduce the risk of exposure to circumstances that might lead to death or degree of injury on the road network. This study has developed a framework in which to identify the degree of preference heterogeneity in willingness to pay by individuals who are drivers or passengers in cars to avoid being killed or injured. A stated choice experiment approach is developed. The empirical setting is a choice of route for a particular trip that a sample of individuals periodically undertakes in Australia. The particular trip is described in enough detail to provide the respondent with a familiar market environment, providing all the relevant background information required for making a decision. Mixed logit models are estimated to obtain the marginal (dis)utilities associated with each influence on the choice amongst the attribute packages offered in the stated choice scenarios. These estimates are used to obtain the WTP distributions for fatality and injury avoidance, which are then aggregated to obtain estimates of the value of risk reduction (VRR), of which the fatality class is also known as the value of a statistical life (VSL).     

考虑初始情绪的个性化驾驶负荷状态评价

利用驾驶人生理数据对驾驶人的负荷状态进行评价已成为交通心理学的研究热点,该方法通常需要采集驾驶人在静息状态的生理信号特征作为其负荷基准,因此负荷基准的提取将影响驾驶人状态评价结果的准确性.基于此,研究搭建驾驶模拟试验平台,招募15名志愿者开展驾驶模拟试验,设计不同任务诱导其产生3种程度的精神负荷,采集志愿者在不同负荷状...     

环境因素对北京公交驾驶员职业健康的影响分析

在"人-车-路-环境"这个相互作用、错综复杂的道路交通系统中,人们往往关注的是人-车-路各因素对行车安全的影响,而忽视了环境因素对公交驾驶员职业健康的影响,结果导致了许多由不良环境因素引发的职业病和交通事故.这不仅大大缩短了公交驾驶员的工作寿命,也严重影响了行车安全以及城市公交的健康发展.通过对100名北京公交驾驶员职业健康状况的调查,进一步分析环境因素对他们职业健康的影响,可为预防公交驾驶员职业病和减少行车事故提供参考.