What is the market potential of plug-in electric vehicles as commercial passenger cars? A case study from Germany

Commercial passenger cars are a possible early market segment for plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). Compared to privately owned vehicles, the commercial vehicle segment is characterized by higher mileage and a higher share of vehicle sales in Germany. To this point, there are only few studies which analyze the commercial passenger car sector and arrive at contradictory results due to insufficient driving profile data with an observation period of only one day. Here, we calculate the market potential of PEVs for the German commercial passenger car sector by determining the technical and economical potential for PEVs in 2020 from multi-day driving profiles. We find that commercial vehicles are better suited for PEVs than private ones since they show higher average annual mileage and drive more regularly. About 87% of the analyzed three-week vehicle profiles can technically be fulfilled by battery electric vehicles (BEVs) with an electric driving range of about 110 km while plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) with an electric range of 40 km could obtain an electric driving share of 60% on average. In moderate energy price scenarios, PEVs can reach a market share of 2–4% in the German commercial passenger car sales by 2020 and especially the large commercial branches (Trade, Manufacturing, Administrative services and Other services) are important. However, our analysis shows a high sensitivity of results to energy and battery prices as well as electric consumptions.     

The influence of e-carsharing schemes on electric vehicle adoption and carbon emissions: An emerging economy study

Moving toward sustainable mobility, the sharing economy business model emerges as a prominent practice that can contribute to the transition to sustainability. Using a system dynamics modeling approach, this paper investigates the impacts of an e-carsharing scheme in carbon emissions and in electric vehicle adoption. We study the VAMO scheme located in Fortaleza, Brazil, as the first e-carsharing scheme in the country. We study two policies combined: a VAMO planned growth policy and a retirement policy for conventional vehicles. Our results show that the VAMO incentive policy is an important factor to reduce emissions and to increase awareness of electric vehicles, highlighting the role of the government as an institutional entrepreneur, stimulating and sustaining the VAMO scheme. The retirement policy in combination with the VAMO incentive policy obtained the best results in our simulations, reducing 29% of CO₂ emissions and increasing 36% electric vehicle adoption, when compared to the business-as-usual scenario. The main conclusions are that such e-carsharing schemes offer direct and indirect benefits to urban mobility (specially to electric vehicle adoption) and that they depend on how the government supports them.     

船舶电力系统建模

分析研究船舶电力系统的安全性可以运用系统故障仿真手段，但必须对船舶电力系统精确的数学模型进行建模。从某大型集装箱船舶电力系统的工作原理出发，根据柴油发电机组的动态特性，研究了船舶电力系统模型的结构和原理，建立了船舶电力系统模型，该系统可以仿真船舶电力系统的许多运行工况。给出了发电机组正常起动过程和滑油泵、侧推器先后起动时滑油泵电缆发生三相接地故障的仿真过程，对电力系统的参数整定和安全策略的选取有一定的参考价值。     

动力分散型电动车组车载微机网络的功能划分与接口设想

从车载微机网络的拓扑结构、网络组成单元及功能划分、接口与控制逻辑、故障处理几个方面提出了动力分散型电动车组车载微机网络的功能划分与接口设想。     

城轨车辆辅助逆变器设计选型与发展趋势

城轨车辆采用静止辅助逆变器作为逆变电源。文章简要介绍了常见的几种辅助逆变器的拓扑结构,比较了它们的优缺点,重点介绍了高频隔离变压器方案,并对未来辅助逆变器的发展趋势作出展望。     

铁路集装箱起重机异步电动机调压节能的优化方法

铁路集装箱起重机异步电动机具有恒转矩运行和变工况负载的特性,基于异步电动机T型和Γ型等效电路,将定子的铜耗和铁耗看作是仅与定子电压有关的不变损耗,将转子的铜耗看作随负载转矩变化的可变损耗,推导出异步电动机电气总损耗计算式和最优调节电压计算式,并通过实例进行验证。研究结果表明:当转差率为0.01～0.03、起重机电机稳定运行时,按照近似转差率计算的起重机负载转矩误差不超过1.8N.m;在起重机的工作电压高于220V时,电气总损耗的计算误差几乎为零;最优调节电压及其误差随着起重机负载转矩的增加而增大,但在起重机的工作电压范围之内,最优调节电压误差不超过7V;电动机按照起重机负载转矩的变化适时调压时,其电气总损耗小于380和220V恒压驱动的电气总损耗,尤其是在起重机空载运行时,具有显著的节能效果。     

典型海洋大气环境的接触网钢腕臂定位装置表面防护体系设计

通过钢结构表面防护方案研究、试验验证和运营线路试挂的方式,构建典型海洋大气环境下接触网钢腕臂的表面防护涂层体系,以保证接触网钢腕臂定位装置在可能的高温、高湿、高盐、污秽粉尘等多因素耦合环境,如近海、濒海、沿江、热带或亚热带山区等环境中在役寿命延长至15～20年。研究表明:(1)接触网钢腕臂定位装置长效防护涂层体系为热喷涂层+环氧封闭层组合的复合涂层体系;(2)所有钢腕臂组件均采用热喷涂涂层作为防护的基础层;(3)管件类外壁及精细零部件涂层体系采用高铝锌热喷涂涂层+双金属环氧封闭涂层;(4)管件内壁采用灌涂环氧涂料。     

基于青连铁路四电工程BIM技术的应用研究

以青连铁路四电工程为试点,对铁路四电BIM技术进行应用。开展基于达索平台的铁路四电过程BIM技术的应用研究,通过青连铁路四电工程BIM技术的应用与实施,具体分析BIM技术在铁路建设协同设计、施工过程以及项目管理中的方法与应用。探索出一种适用于铁路四电工程BIM应用的技术路线,从协同设计到施工管理,基于BIM模型完成铁路四电工程拓展应用,提供了系统的BIM应用案例。     

动车组ATP软件升级后问题处理

阐述动车组ATP车载软件升级后遇到的典型问题并对产生原因进行分析,提出了有效的解决方案,确保了行车安全,现场应用效果良好。     

基于电气几何模型的接触网避雷线架设高度计算方法

基于电气几何模型,推导单线和复线铁路接触网避雷线架设高度的计算公式,由此得到避雷线架设高度与雷电击距、接触网实际参数之间的对应关系.研究表明:避雷线架设高度随着雷电流幅值的增加而减小,复线铁路的避雷线架设高度明显小于单线铁路的避雷线架设高度.采用给出的避雷线架设高度的计算公式,以广-深铁路为例,根据其不同线路形式和接触...