Integrated modeling of car/motorcycle ownership, type and usage for estimating energy consumption and emissions

Devising effective management strategies to relieve dependency on private vehicles, i.e. cars and motorcycles, depends on the ability to accurately and carefully examine the effects of corresponding strategies. Disaggregate choice models regarding the ownership, type and usage of cars and motorcycles are required to achieve this. Consequently, this study proposes integrated car and motorcycle models based on a large-scale questionnaire survey of Taiwanese owners of cars and motorcycles, respectively. Incorporating gas mileage and emission coefficients for different types of cars and motorcycles into the proposed models can enable the estimation and comparison of reductions in energy consumption and emissions under various management strategies. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed integrated models, scenarios involving 10% and 30% increases in gas prices are analyzed and compared. The results indicate that gas price elasticities of cars and motorcycles are low, ranging from 0.47 to 0.50 for cars and 0.11 for motorcycles. Additionally, a high ratio of discouraged car users shifting to use of motorcycles neutralizes the effects of increased gas price in reducing energy consumption and emissions. Pollution of CO and HC even slightly increased because motorcycles are much more polluting in terms of CO and HC. At last, the reductions of energy consumption and emissions under 10% and 30% increase (or decrease) in other manipulating variables are also estimated and compared. The countermeasures for reducing ownership and usage of cars and motorcycles are then recommended accordingly.     

太阳能LED照明系统在公路建设中的应用

太阳能是一种清洁的、可再生的绿色能源;半导体发光二极管（LED）也是一种环保、节能、高效的固态电光源。文章在分析两者技术特点的基础上,对太阳能半导体照明系统的可行性与高效性进行了论证,并对其发展前景作了分析和展望。     

An activity-based assessment of the potential impacts of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles on energy and emissions using 1-day travel data

This paper assesses the potential energy profile impacts of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and estimates gasoline and electricity demand impacts for California of their adoption. The results are based on simulations replicating vehicle usage patterns reported in 1-day activity and travel diaries based on the 2000–2001 California Statewide Household Travel Survey. Four charging scenarios are examined. We find that circuit upgrades to 240 V not only bring faster charging times but also reduce charging time differences between PHEV20 and PHEV60; home charging can potentially service 40–50% of travel distances with electric power for PHEV20 and 70–80% for PHEV60; equipping public parking spaces with charging facilities, can potentially convert 60–70% of mileage from fuel to electricity for PHEV20, and 80–90% for PHEV60; and afternoons are found to be exposed to a higher level of emissions.     

基于统计能量模型的辐射声功率灵敏度分析

应用统计能量分析原理,推导了基于统计能量模型的子系统模态能量灵敏度表达式,建立了面板结构辐射声功率与设计参数之间的关系,并运用该参数灵敏度方法分析了结构内部损耗因子和耦合损耗因子对子系统响应的影响,揭示了内部损耗因子对辐射噪声的影响规律。结果表明适当提高源子系统的内部损耗因子,可以降低系统的辐射噪声。研究发现子系统的最佳内部损耗因子在0.5%～2%之间,为低噪声设计提供了研究思路。     

燃料电池商用车低温启动过程中的能量流分析

低温启动问题一直是阻碍燃料电池汽车(FCV)大规模推广应用的原因之一,而有效的能量管理策略可以对FCV的低温启动过程进行优化。研究了一款燃料电池商用车在低温启动中的能量流控制策略,并通过试验对该车辆的电压和电流进行了测试,分析了FCV在低温启动中的能量流。结果表明FCV在低温启动时需要燃料电池和动力电池同时配合工作,并且燃料电池稳定运行后可以为动力电池进行充电。应优化FCV能量管理策略,使燃料电池产生的能量尽可能地向其它附件倾斜,提高车辆的能量利用效率。     

优化能源结构发展燃气空调

我国以煤为主的能源结构决定了电力并不是一种清洁能源。根据我国长期能源战略和世界能源革命的发展趋势,空调冷热源应实现多元化,因此当前应加大燃气空调机组的应用比例。     

汽车动力总成节能环保先进技术分析

指出,汽车动力总成已由单纯的追求性能发展成为目前面向节能、环保、安全及发展循环经济的国际竞争.分析了中国汽车动力总成节能环保的主要课题,阐述了目前汽车动力总成产品的主要技术.包括汽油直喷技术、汽油增压技术、发动机起停技术、发动机町控配气机构、Downsizing技术、新一代柴油共轨技术、发动机电子控制技术、柴油机后处理技术、多挡自动变速器技术、油电混合动力技术,并剖析了中国第一汽车集团公司的技术对策及产品战略.     

LEA温拌沥青混合料技术及性能评价

温拌沥青混合料是一种新型的节能环保材料,在较低温度下拌和摊铺,具有热拌沥青混合料的性能,可以极大的降低能源消耗并减少废弃物的排放。对低能量沥青技术进行探讨,分析低能量沥青技术的原理及性能。     

统计能量法计算声呐自噪声的水动力噪声分量

本文针对水下航行器舷侧的声呐基阵,采用统计能量法建立自噪声中水动力噪声分量的计算模型,并计算分析不同罩壁材料、吸声处理对声呐自噪声的影响.     

辽宁港口航运业节能减排现状及发展对策

港口航运业是交通运输行业的重要组成部分,是交通运输行业节能减排工作的重点之一。本文分析了辽宁省港航系统节能减排工作的发展现状及存在的主要问题,从加强技术性节能、结构性节能、管理性节能三方面对全省港航系统节能减排工作发展对策进行了探讨。